Perinatal Bisphenol Exposure and Small-for-Gestational-Age Neonates: The Evolving Effect of Replacements Then and Now.

Bisphenol analogues have been shown to have similar estrogenic activity to that of BPA and may affect fetal development. However, no human studies have examined the effects of perinatal exposure to emerging bisphenol alternatives [bisphenol G, bisphenol M, and bisphenol BP (BPBP)] on small for gestational age (SGA) and how placental function may mediate the relationship. Here, 13 urinary bisphenol analogues were detected in 1054 contemporary pregnant women, and BPA was still the most dominant congener.

Effects of Gestational Arsenic Exposures on Placental and Fetal Development in Mice: The Role of .

Background: Several epidemiological investigations demonstrated that maternal arsenic (As) exposure elevated risk of fetal growth restriction (FGR), but the mechanism remains unclear.

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the effects of gestational As exposure on placental and fetal development and its underlying mechanism.

Methods: Dams were exposed to 0.

Paternal lipopolysaccharide exposure induced intrauterine growth restriction via the inactivation of placental MEST/PI3K/AKT pathway in mice.

Maternal lipopolysaccharide (LPS) exposure during pregnancy has been related to IUGR. Here, we explored whether paternal LPS exposure before mating impaired fetal development. All male mice except controls were intraperitoneally injected with LPS every other day for a total of five injections.

Enantioselective Divergent Syntheses of Alkaloids: (-)-Cephalotaxine, (-)-Cephalotine B, and (-)-Fortuneicyclidins A and B.

A new strategy focusing on the last-stage asymmetric assembly of the ring D, which inherently possesses the densest part of stereogenic centers and functional groups in the A/B/C/D ring system of (-)-cephalotaxine, has been developed, in which a novel Rh-catalyzed asymmetric (2 + 3) annulation of tertiary enamides with enoldiazoacetates is designed and explored for enantioselective construction of the crucial cyclopentane ring D bearing a unique spirocyclic aza-quaternary stereocenter. Based on the expeditious access of chiral functionalized building block with the tetracyclic A/B/C/D ring system, a concise enantioselective total synthesis of (-)-cephalotaxine starting from readily available homopiperonyl alcohol has been achieved in nine steps with only two column chromatography purifications. Following the tactical introduction of the Meinwald rearrangement, enantioselective divergent syntheses of (-)-cephalotine B with an additional C3-O-C11 oxo-bridged bond (14 steps), (-)-fortuneicyclidin B with an unprecedented C3-C10 bond (14 steps), and its 2-epimer (-)-fortuneicyclidin A (16 steps) have been also accomplished for the first time.

NLRC5 Might Promote Endometrial Cancer Progression by Inducing PD-L1 Expression.

The NOD-like receptor (NLR) family, caspase recruitment (CARD) domain containing 5 (NLRC5) was dysregulated in endometrial cancer (EC). However, the potential regulatory mechanisms of NLRC5 in EC remained unclear. We aimed to explore whether NLRC5 could regulate the programmed cell death protein ligand 1 (PD-L1) in EC.

Association between gestational arsenic exposure and intrauterine growth restriction: the role of folate content.

Gestational arsenic (As) exposure is associated with intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). This study explored the association among gestational As exposure, IUGR, and reduction of folate content in maternal and umbilical plasma from 530 mother-and-singleton-offspring pairs. Birth weight (BW) was negatively correlated with As in maternal plasma (r=-0.

Iron(III)-catalyzed tandem annulation of indolyl-substituted -quinone methides with ynamides for the synthesis of cyclopenta[]indoles.

The unique reactivity of indolyl-substituted -QMs as a new type of two-carbon synthon has been explored for the first time in a novel iron(III)-catalyzed tandem annulation. This (2+2) annulation/retro-4π electrocyclization/imino-Nazarov cyclization cascade reaction is characterized by an unusual structural reconstruction of indolyl-substituted -QMs, leading to an expeditious assembly of synthetically important functionalized cyclopenta[]indoles.

DNA hydroxymethylation reprogramming of β-oxidation genes mediates early-life arsenic-evoked hepatic lipid accumulation in adult mice.

The metabolic disorders are becoming an epidemic disease endangering public health in countries. Environmental factors are mainly reason for the growth of metabolic disorders. Previous research suggests that DNA methylation is a potential mechanism.

LncRNA DGCR5 Isoform-1 Silencing Suppresses the Malignant Phenotype of Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma via miR-211-5p/Snail Signal Axis.

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play important roles during the initiation and progression of cancer. We identified DiGeorge Syndrome Critical Region Gene 5 (DGCR5) as a clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) cancer- and lineage-specific lncRNA. Agarose gel electrophoresis analysis and sanger sequencing verified two main isoforms of DGCR5 in ccRCC patient tissues and cell lines.

Gestational vitamin D deficiency impairs fetal lung development through suppressing type II pneumocyte differentiation.

Gestational vitamin D deficiency is associated with pulmonary diseases. This study aimed to investigate the effect of gestational vitamin D deficiency on fetal lung development in mice. Absolute and relative weights of fetal lungs were reduced in vitamin D deficient (VDD) group.

Respective IL-17A production by γδ T and Th17 cells and its implication in host defense against chlamydial lung infection.

The role of IL-17A is important in protection against lung infection with Chlamydiae, an obligate intracellular bacterial pathogen. In this study, we explored the producers of IL-17A in chlamydial lung infection and specifically tested the role of major IL-17A producers in protective immunity. We found that γδT cells and Th17 cells are the major producers of IL-17A at the early and later stages of chlamydial infection, respectively.

[Correlation Between Functional Groups and Radical Scavenging Activities of Acidic Polysaccharides from Dendrobium].

Objective: To compare the radical scavenging activity of five different acidic polysaccharides, and to find the correlation with the functional groups.

Methods: Alkali extraction method and Stepwise ethanol precipitation method were used to extract and concentrate the five Dendrobium polysaccharides, and to determine the contents of sulfuric acid and uronic acid of each kind of acidic polysaccharides, and the scavenging activity to ABTS+ radical and hydroxyl radical. Functional group structures were examined by FTIR Spectrometer.

Codon usage bias in Chlamydia trachomatis and the effect of codon modification in the MOMP gene on immune responses to vaccination.

Chlamydia trachomatis is a kind of obligate intracellular bacterial pathogen that causes ocular and sexually transmitted diseases. In this study, we analyzed the codon usage patterns of the C. trachomatis mouse pneumonitis biovar (MoPn) and Homo sapiens.

Contribution of hepatic adenosine A1 receptors to renal dysfunction associated with acute liver injury in rats.

Acute liver injury is associated with renal insufficiency, whose mechanism may be related to activation of the hepatorenal reflex. We previously showed that intrahepatic adenosine is involved in activation of the hepatorenal reflex to restrict urine production in both healthy rats and in rats with cirrhosis. The aim of the present study was to test the hypothesis that activation of intrahepatic adenosine receptors is involved in the pathogenesis of the renal insufficiency seen in acute liver injury.

Synergistic protection by S-adenosylmethionine with vitamins C and E on liver injury induced by thioacetamide in rats.

Free radicals are involved in the pathogenesis of acute liver injury induced by thioacetamide (TAA). We investigated the effects of S-adenosylmethionine (SAMe) combined with/without vitamins C and E on TAA-induced acute liver injury in rats. TAA was given intraperitoneally (200 mg kg-1).

Blockade of intrahepatic adenosine receptors improves urine excretion in cirrhotic rats induced by thioacetamide.

Background/aims: In healthy rats, we recently showed that reduced intrahepatic portal blood flow leads to activation of hepatic adenosine receptors and a nerve-induced decrease in urine production. We hypothesize that the impaired urine excretion in liver cirrhosis is related to an increase in intrahepatic adenosine.

Methods: Anesthetized normal and thioacetamide-induced cirrhotic rats were instrumented for the measurement of urine flow, hepatic portal venous blood flow, and renal arterial blood flow.