Effects of Somatosensory Games on Heart Rate Variability and Sleep-Related Biomarkers in Menopausal Women With Poor Sleep Quality.

Background And Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of 12-week somatosensory games on heart rate variability and sleep-related biomarkers in middle-aged women with poor sleep quality.

Research Design And Methods: Twenty-nine women with poor sleep quality were recruited as participants randomly assigned into ring fit adventure exergame group (RFA,  = 15) and control group (CON,  = 14). The RFA group received ring fit adventure exergame for 60 min each time, 2 times a week, for 12 weeks.

Effect of acute concurrent exercise training and the mediating role of lactate on executive function: An ERP study.

Both acute aerobic (AE) and resistance exercise (RE) have been acknowledged to be effective methods in enhancing executive function and brain-related P3 amplitudes. Nevertheless, the effect of acute concurrent exercise training (CET), combining both AE and RE, on executive function remains subject to speculation. Moreover, investigation of the mechanisms that underlie improvements in executive function would facilitate scientific understanding.

Defecation enhances cerebral perfusion and delays fatigue in elite triathletes.

Background: Rectal distension increases regulatory burden to autonomic nervous system in the brain.

Purpose: To determine the effect of rectal defecation on endurance performance and blood supply to the prefrontal brain and sub-navel regions of elite triathletes.

Methods: Thirteen elite triathletes completed a cycling time trial (80% VO) under defecated and non-defecated conditions, using a counterbalanced crossover design.

Changes in Arterial Stiffness in Response to Various Types of Exercise Modalities: A Narrative Review on Physiological and Endothelial Senescence Perspectives.

Arterial stiffness is a reliable independent predictor of cardiovascular events. Exercise training might enhance arterial compliance through improved metabolic health status. Different modes of exercise may have different effects on arterial stiffness.

Effects of the Short-Foot Exercise on Foot Alignment and Muscle Hypertrophy in Flatfoot Individuals: A Meta-Analysis.

This study aimed to conduct a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials to examine the effects of the short-foot exercise (SFE) compared to foot orthosis or other types of interventions. Eligibility criteria involved participants with flatfoot engaging in the SFE compared to other forms of intervention or control groups without specific intervention. Relevant studies published before the end of June 2022 were identified from databases.

Stochastic currents and efficiency in an autonomous heat engine.

We experimentally demonstrate that a Brownian gyrator of a colloidal particle confined in a two-dimensional harmonic potential with different effective temperatures on orthogonal axes can work as an autonomous heat engine capable of extracting work from the heat bath, generated by an optical feedback trap. The results confirm the theoretically predicted thermodynamic currents and validate the attainability of Carnot efficiency as well as the trade-off relation between power and efficiency. We further show that current fluctuations and the entropy production rate are time independent in the steady state and their product near the Carnot efficiency is close to the lower bound of the thermodynamic uncertainty relation.

Heterogeneous nanoscopic lipid diffusion in the live cell membrane and its dependency on cholesterol.

Cholesterol plays a unique role in the regulation of membrane organization and dynamics by modulating the membrane phase transition at the nanoscale. Unfortunately, due to their small sizes and dynamic nature, the effects of cholesterol-mediated membrane nanodomains on membrane dynamics remain elusive. Here, using ultrahigh-speed single-molecule tracking with advanced optical microscope techniques, we investigate the diffusive motion of single phospholipids in the live cell plasma membrane at the nanoscale and its dependency on the cholesterol concentration.

Do E and P contribute to the explained variance in core temperature response for trained women during exertional heat stress when metabolic rates are very high?

Purpose: Women remain underrepresented in the exercise thermoregulation literature despite their participation in leisure-time and occupational physical activity in heat-stressful environments continuing to increase. Here, we determined the relative contribution of the primary ovarian hormones (estrogen [E] and progesterone [P]) alongside other morphological (e.g.

Effects of Acute Interval Exercise on Arterial Stiffness and Cardiovascular Autonomic Regulatory Responses: A Narrative Review of Potential Impacts of Aging.

The physiological changes associated with aging deleteriously impact cardiovascular function and regulation and therefore increase the risk of developing cardiovascular disease. There is substantial evidence that changes in the autonomic nervous system and arterial stiffness play an important role in the development of cardiovascular disease during the aging process. Exercise is known to be effective in improving autonomic regulation and arterial vascular compliance, but differences in the type and intensity of exercise can have varying degrees of impact on vascular regulatory responses and autonomic function.

Monitoring the Changing Patterns in Perceived Learning Effort, Stress, and Sleep Quality during the Sports Training Period in Elite Collegiate Triathletes: A Preliminary Research.

Background: Few studies have examined the mental profiles and academic status of collegiate triathletes during training/competitive periods. We evaluated the changes in sleep quality, physical fatigue, emotional state, and academic stress among collegiate triathletes across training periods. Methods: Thirteen collegiate triathletes (19−26 years old) were recruited in this study.

A Sports Nutrition Perspective on the Impacts of Hypoxic High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) on Appetite Regulatory Mechanisms: A Narrative Review of the Current Evidence.

High-intensity interval training (HIIT) and low-oxygen exposure may inhibit the secretion of appetite-stimulating hormones, suppress appetite, and inhibit dietary intake. Physiological changes affecting appetite are frequent and include appetite hormone (ghrelin, leptin, PYY, and GLP-1) effects and the subjective loss of appetite, resulting in nutritional deficiencies. This paper is a narrative review of the literature to verify the HIIT effect on appetite regulation mechanisms and discusses the possible relationship between appetite effects and the need for high-intensity exercise training in a hypoxic environment.

"The Competitive Season and Off-Season": Preliminary Research concerning the Sport-Specific Performance, Stress, and Sleep in Elite Male Adolescent Basketball Athletes.

Background: Through scholastic sports programs, adolescent athletes compete to represent their communities. However, few studies investigate the changes in physiological and mental profiles during varied sport periodization among this population. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to compare the changes in sports performance and stress-related biomarkers between the competitive season (CS) and off-season (OS) in elite adolescent basketball players.

Amyloid-β40 E22K fibril in familial Alzheimer's disease is more thermostable and susceptible to seeding.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent and devastating neurodegenerative disease occurred in the elderly. One of the pathogenic hallmarks is senile plaques composed of amyloid-β (Aβ) fibrils. Single mutations resided in Aβ were found in familial AD (FAD) patients that have early onset of the disease.

Measurement error of self-paced exercise performance in athletic women is not affected by ovulatory status or ambient environment.

Measurement error(s) of exercise tests for women are severely lacking in the literature. The purpose of this investigation was to ) determine whether ovulatory status or ambient environment were moderating variables when completing a 30-min self-paced work trial and ) provide test-retest norms specific to athletic women. A retrospective analysis of three heat stress studies was completed using 33 female participants (31 ± 9 yr, 54 ± 10 mL·min·kg) that yielded 130 separate trials.

Perturbations of Adjuvant Chemotherapy on Cardiovascular Responses and Exercise Tolerance in Patients with Early-Stage Breast Cancer.

Background: Adjuvant chemotherapies are commonly used for treating early-stage breast cancer. However, whether chemotherapeutic regimens affect exercise tolerance and cardiovascular responses remains unclear. Therefore, we investigated the effects of receiving CAF and AC-T on exercise tolerance and cardiovascular responses in patients with early-stage breast cancer.

Effects of Protein-Rich Nutritional Composition Supplementation on Sarcopenia Indices and Physical Activity during Resistance Exercise Training in Older Women with Knee Osteoarthritis.

Older adults with knee osteoarthritis (KOA) are at high risk of sarcopenia. Protein-rich nutritional composition supplementation (PS) combined with resistance exercise training (RET) improves muscle gains and facilitates physical activity in older adults. However, whether PS augments the effects of RET on muscle mass and PA in patients with KOA remains unclear.

Amphetamine-Decreased Progesterone and Estradiol Release in Rat Granulosa Cells: The Regulatory Role of cAMP- and Ca-Mediated Signaling Pathways.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the amphetamine effects on progesterone and estradiol production in rat granulosa cells and the underlying cellular regulatory mechanisms. Freshly dispersed rat granulosa cells were cultured with various test drugs in the presence of amphetamine, and the estradiol/progesterone production and the cytosolic cAMP level were measured. Additionally, the cytosolic-free Ca concentrations ([Ca]i) were measured to examine the role of Ca influx in the presence of amphetamine.

Anti-fatigue Effects of Santé Premium Silver Perch Essence on Exhaustive Swimming Exercise Performance in Rats.

Fish soup is a traditional Chinese food usually offered as a healthy supplement to elders, pregnant women and persons who just had surgery. Silver perch (Santé premium silver perch essence, SPSPE) extract contains various quality proteins, collagen, minerals, trace elements, and branch chain amino acids (BCAA) that could help individuals recover from exhaustion and control body weight. However, there are very limited studies exploring the effects of fish extracts on exercise performance and fatigue, and relevant physiological mechanisms.

12-Week Inspiratory Muscle Training Improves Respiratory Muscle Strength in Adult Patients with Stable Asthma: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

This study aims to investigate and compare the effects of conventional breathing exercises and an inspiratory muscle training intervention on clinical symptoms in asthma patients. Sixty asthma patients (40-65 years old) were randomly assigned to either the conventional breathing exercises (BTE) or inspiratory muscle training (IMT) group for a 12-week intervention period. Outcome measurements were performed before and after the intervention, including the spirometry data, maximal inspiratory and expiratory pressures (PImax and PEmax), asthma control test, asthma control questionnaire, six-minute walk test, and three-day physical activity log, were recorded.

Menstrual phase and ambient temperature do not influence iron regulation in the acute exercise period.

The current study investigated whether ambient heat augments the inflammatory and postexercise hepcidin response in women and if menstrual phase and/or self-pacing modulate these physiological effects. Eight trained females (age: 37 ± 7 yr; V̇o: 46 ± 7 mL·kg·min; peak power output: 4.5 ± 0.

Influences of Recreational Tennis-Playing Exercise Time on Cardiometabolic Health Parameters in Healthy Elderly: The ExAMIN AGE Study.

Background: Aging and chronic degeneration are the primary threats to cardiometabolic health in elderly populations. Regular appropriate exercise would benefit the advanced aging population.

Purpose: This study investigates whether the degree of weekly tennis participation exhibits differences in primary cardiometabolic parameters, including arterial stiffness, inflammation, and metabolic biomarkers in elderly tennis players.

Twelve-Weeks of Bench-Step Exercise Training Ameliorates Cardiopulmonary Fitness and Mood State in Patients with Schizophrenia: A Pilot Study.

Unhealthy, physically inactive lifestyles increase the risk of future cardiovascular events and impaired physical fitness in individuals with schizophrenia. Insufficient literature exists to provide fundamental information about appropriate exercise training modality for this population. This pilot study preliminarily investigated the effects of a 12-week moderate-intensity bench-step exercise training (BSET) program on cardiopulmonary fitness, mood state, and cognition in patients with schizophrenia.

Land vs. water HIIE effects on muscle oxygenation and physiological parameter responses in postmenopausal women.

Muscle oxygenation (MO) status is the dynamic balance between O utilization and O delivery. Low-impact high-intensity interval exercise MO responses in the exercise and recovery stage are still unclear. We compared the differences in MO and physiological parameters between high-intensity interval water-based exercise (WHIIE) and high-intensity interval land bike ergonomic exercise (LBEHIIE) in postmenopausal women.

Age-dependent effects of caloric restriction on mTOR and ubiquitin-proteasome pathways in skeletal muscles.

In skeletal muscles, calorie restriction (CR) preserves muscle mass in middle-aged rats but not younger rats. The underlying mechanisms for this age-specific response are unknown. Skeletal muscle mass depends on several factors, with protein synthesis and degradation playing major roles.

Six-week inspiratory resistance training ameliorates endurance performance but does not affect obesity-related metabolic biomarkers in obese adults: A randomized controlled trial.

This investigation examined the effects of a six-week inspiratory resistance training (IRT) on metabolic health biomarkers, pulmonary function, and endurance in obese individuals. Twenty-eight obese adults (BMI > 27 kg/m Taiwan obesity criteria) were randomly assigned to either IRT (IRT; N = 16) or sham control (PLA; N = 12). The training parameters (twice/day; 3 days/week; 30 breaths/section; IRT: 55% PImax [maximal inspiratory pressure], PLA: 10% PImax) were identical.