Hepatitis and Hepatitis B Virus Reactivation in Everolimus-Treated Solid Tumor Patients: A Focus on HBV-Endemic Areas.

Background: Everolimus is approved for treating breast, renal, and pancreatic neuroendocrine cancers but carries the risk of hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation (HBVr) and hepatitis. However, data on HBVr in everolimus-treated patients are limited. This study evaluates the risk of hepatitis and HBVr in cancer patients with current or past HBV infection.

Using Large Language Models for Efficient Cancer Registry Coding in the Real Hospital Setting: A Feasibility Study.

The primary challenge in reporting cancer cases lies in the labor-intensive and time-consuming process of manually reviewing numerous reports. Current methods predominantly rely on rule-based approaches or custom-supervised learning models, which predict diagnostic codes based on a single pathology report per patient. Although these methods show promising evaluation results, their biased outcomes in controlled settings may hinder adaption to real-world reporting workflows.

Current advances of oral cancer in Taiwan.

Objectives: To provide updated statistics of oral cancer incidence and mortality in Taiwan, and to describe recent developments for oral cancer control to reduce oral cancer incidence and mortality.

Methods: The Taiwan Cancer Registry Annual Report 2023, the Taiwan Cancer Registry Online Interactive Search System, and the 2023 Health Promotion Administration Annual Report are consulted and summarized. A literature search using PubMed was also conducted to identify Taiwan oral cancer control-related studies.

Integrating predictive coding and a user-centric interface for enhanced auditing and quality in cancer registry data.

Data curation for a hospital-based cancer registry heavily relies on the labor-intensive manual abstraction process by cancer registrars to identify cancer-related information from free-text electronic health records. To streamline this process, a natural language processing system incorporating a hybrid of deep learning-based and rule-based approaches for identifying lung cancer registry-related concepts, along with a symbolic expert system that generates registry coding based on weighted rules, was developed. The system is integrated with the hospital information system at a medical center to provide cancer registrars with a patient journey visualization platform.

Evaluating the efficacy of OralDETECT training: Face-to-face versus online delivery in dental education.

Objective: This study evaluated the effectiveness of face-to-face (F2F) and online OralDETECT training programme in enhancing early detection skills for oral cancer.

Methods: A total of 328 final-year dental students were trained across six cohorts. Three cohorts (175 students) received F2F training from the academic years 2016/2017 to 2018/2019, and the remaining three (153 students) underwent online training during the Covid-19 pandemic from 2019/2020 to 2021/2022.

Using PIM-Taiwan, PRISCUS, and Beers criteria to assess potentially inappropriate medication use among older adults with 90-day rehospitalization: a population-based study in Taiwan.

Multimorbidity and polypharmacy increase the risk of hospitalization in older adults receiving potentially inappropriate medication (PIM). The current study compared the ability of PIM-Taiwan, PRISCUS, and Beers criteria to predict 90-day rehospitalization in older patients with and without PIM. The retrospective cohort study used Taiwan's Longitudinal Health Insurance Database to retrieve quarterly information about prescribed medication for adults aged ≥65 years hospitalized between 2001 and 2018.

The impact of preoperative waiting time in Stage II-III gastric or gastroesophageal junction cancer: A population-based cohort study.

Background: Gastrectomy remains the curative option in gastric cancer. However, the growing concern that preoperative waiting jeopardizes survival has not been fully addressed. The present population-based cohort study aimed to clarify the impact of preoperative waiting time (PreWT).

Real-world evidence of hyperbaric oxygen therapy on cardiovascular outcomes in patients with chronic osteomyelitis.

Background: The effectiveness of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy for chronic osteomyelitis remains inconclusive. In particular, recent studies have shown that chronic osteomyelitis is a crucial risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. However, the preventive effect of HBO on cardiovascular events has not been reported in patients with chronic osteomyelitis.

Real-World Data Validation of NAPOLI-1 Nomogram for the Prediction of Overall Survival in Metastatic Pancreatic Cancer.

Background: The nomogram derived from the pivotal phase III NAPOLI-1 study demonstrated a significant ability to predict median overall survival (OS) in gemcitabine-refractory metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) treated with liposomal irinotecan plus fluorouracil and leucovorin (nal-IRI+5-FU/LV). However, the NAPOLI-1 nomogram has not been validated in a real-world setting and therefore the applicability of the NAPOLI-1 nomogram in daily practice remains unknown. This study aims to evaluate the NAPOLI-1 nomogram in a multicenter real-world cohort.

Association between maternal factors and fetal macrosomia in full-term singleton births.

Background: Macrosomia, defined as a birth weight of ≥4000 g, is associated with a high risk of birth injury. Fetal growth is highly correlated with maternal conditions, and several maternal factors are associated with neonatal birth size. The current study aimed to assess maternal factors related to fetal macrosomia in a Taiwanese population.

Prognostic Abilities of Pre- and Post-Treatment Inflammatory Markers in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Stepwise Modelling.

Studies examining the importance of inflammatory markers before treatment as prognosticators of OSCC are available, but information on post-therapy inflammatory markers and their prognostic significance is limited. This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic abilities of pre- and post-treatment inflammatory markers in patients with OSCC. In this retrospective analysis, information on 151 OSCC patients' socio-demographic, clinico-pathological, recurrence, metastasis, and survival data were gathered from clinical records.

Chronic mechanical irritation enhances the effect of tobacco and alcohol on the risk of oral squamous cell carcinoma: a case-control study in Argentina.

Objectives: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a multifactorial disease. The individual effect of each risk factor for OSCC may be conditioned by the frequency of other factors. The objective of this study was to identify the association between chronic mechanical irritation (CMI) and OSCC and to analyse the influence of CMI on other important risk factors for OSCC.

Environmental risks and sphingolipid signatures in adult asthma and its phenotypic clusters: a multicentre study.

Background: Adult asthma is phenotypically heterogeneous with unclear aetiology. We aimed to evaluate the potential contribution of environmental exposure and its ensuing response to asthma and its heterogeneity.

Methods: Environmental risk was evaluated by assessing the records of National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD) and residence-based air pollution (particulate matter with diameter less than 2.

Proton pump inhibitors reduce the survival of advanced lung cancer patients with therapy of gefitinib or erlotinib.

Gefitinib and erlotinib are the first-line tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) for advanced non-small-cell lung cancer. However, co-administration of either drug with proton pump inhibitors (PPI) or histamine-2 receptor antagonists (H2RA) may reduce TKI's bioavailability. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the effects of these drug-drug interactions.

Image collection and annotation platforms to establish a multi-source database of oral lesions.

Objective: To describe the development of a platform for image collection and annotation that resulted in a multi-sourced international image dataset of oral lesions to facilitate the development of automated lesion classification algorithms.

Materials And Methods: We developed a web-interface, hosted on a web server to collect oral lesions images from international partners. Further, we developed a customised annotation tool, also a web-interface for systematic annotation of images to build a rich clinically labelled dataset.

The effectiveness of Fuzi in combination with routine heart failure treatment on chronic heart failure patients.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Fuzi, Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata, is widely used in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) for the treatment of acute heart failure (HF) for 2000 years. However, the clinical evidence of Fuzi in the treatment of chronic HF is limited, especially when used in combination with Western medications.

Materials And Methods: This population-based propensity score (PS)-matched cohort study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of Fuzi on the chronic HF.

Investigating the effectiveness of adjuvant therapy for patients with hormone receptor-positive ductal carcinoma in situ.

Background: This study compared the recurrence risk of single versus dual adjuvant radiotherapy (RT) and hormonal therapy (HT) following breast-conserving surgery (BCS) in patients with hormone receptor-positive ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS).

Methods: This retrospective cohort study used the Taiwan Cancer Registry database linking to the Taiwan National Health Insurance data from 2011 to 2016. We compared the recurrence risk between BCS-based regimens in Cox regressions and presented as adjusted hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (95%CI).

Neuropsychiatric symptoms and mortality among patients with mild cognitive impairment and dementia due to Alzheimer's disease.

Background: Neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) could increase mortality risk in people with dementia due to Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, whether NPS affects mortality risk in people with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and whether any specific syndrome of NPS influences this risk are still unclear.

Methods: In total, 984 participants with dementia due to AD, 338 with MCI, and 365 controls were enrolled.