Validation of the Objective Structured assessment of Technical Skill (OSATS) in China.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to perform a cross-cultural adaptation of the Objective Structured assessment of Technical Skill (OSATS) tool into Chinese and to determine its reproducibility and validity in China.

Methods: A Chinese version of OSATS was created through a process of translation, back-translation, expert panel evaluation, pilot testing and then its validation. 59 candidates were included in the study in an international Chinese simulation center including medical students (5th year of medical studies), surgical fellow, attending surgeons, attending professors and professors of surgery.

MIGP: Metapath Integrated Graph Prompt Neural Network.

Graph neural networks (GNNs) leveraging metapaths have garnered extensive utilization. Nevertheless, the escalating parameters and data corpus within graph pre-training models incur mounting training costs. Consequently, GNN models encounter hurdles including diminished generalization capacity and compromised performance amidst small sample datasets.

Synthesis of the Isodityrosine Moiety of Seongsanamide A-D and Its Derivatives.

The concise and highly convergent synthesis of the isodityrosine unit of seongsanamide A-D and its derivatives bearing a diaryl ether moiety is described. In this work, the synthetic strategy features palladium-catalyzed C(sp)-H functionalization and a Cu/ligand-catalyzed coupling reaction. We report a practical protocol for the palladium-catalyzed mono-arylation of β-methyl C(sp)-H of an alanine derivative bearing a 2-thiomethylaniline auxiliary.

Regio- and Diastereoselective Radical Hydroboration of -Aryl Enamine Carboxylates for the Synthesis of -β-Amino Organoborons.

The regio- and diastereoselective hydroboration of -aryl enamine carboxylates was achieved by dichloro-substituted -heterocyclic carbene (NHC)-boryl radical to access the valuable -β-amino boron skeleton. Excellent diastereoselectivity (>95:5 dr) was obtained using dichloro-NHC-BH (boryl radical precursor) and the thiol catalyst. Broad substrate scope and good functional group tolerance were demonstrated.

Synthesis and Cytotoxic Activity of Novel C-23-Modified Asiatic Acid Derivatives.

We selectively oxidized the C-23 hydroxyl group in an asiatic acid (AA) derivative and then, for the first time with AA, modification of the C-23 carboxyl group was conducted to synthesize a series of new AA derivatives. The evaluation of their cytotoxic activities against two human cancer cell lines (SKOV-3 and HCT116) using the MTT assay in vitro revealed a distinctive structure activity relationship (SAR) associated with the intramolecular hydrogen bonding of the amide moiety at C-23. According to the established SAR, the cytotoxic activities of four promising compounds were then evaluated against MCF-7, A549, A2780, HepG2 and HL-60 cancer cell lines.

Stereospecific synthesis and rearrangement of 22S-23-acetylsapogenins.

The BF·EtO-catalysed acetolysis of steroid sapogenins diosgenin, sarsasapogenin and tigogenin in dichloromethane as the solvent instead of acetic anhydride afforded (20S)- and (20R)-22,26-epoxycholestanes (compounds 1 and 2). 22S-23-Acetylsapogenins (compounds 4) were synthesized stereospecifically from 20R-22,26-epoxycholestanes (compounds 2) in good yield. The rearrangement of 22S-23-acetylsapogenins (compounds 4) afforded novel disubstituted dihydropyran furostanol frameworks.

A hepatoprotection study of Radix Bupleuri on acetaminophen-induced liver injury based on CYP450 inhibition.

We investigated the potential hepatoprotective effect of Radix Bupleuri (RB) by inducing acute liver injury (ALI) in an animal model using acetaminophen (APAP) after pretreatment with RB aqueous extract for three consecutive days. Compared to those of the APAP group, the biochemical and histological results of the RB pretreatment group showed lower serumaspartate transaminase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT) levels as well as less liver damage. Pharmacokinetic study of the toxicity related marker acetaminophen-cysteine (APC) revealed a lower exposure level in rats, suggesting that RB alleviated APAP-induced liver damage by preventing glutathione (GSH) depletion.

Asymmetric Synthesis of the C15⁻C32 Fragment of Alotamide and Determination of the Relative Stereochemistry.

Alotamide is a cyclic depsipetide isolated from a marine cyanobacterium and possesses a unique activation of calcium influx in murine cerebrocortical neurons (EC 4.18 µM). Due to its limited source, the three stereocenters (C19, C28, and C30) in its polyketide fragment remain undetermined.

Differential regulations of blood pressure and perturbed metabolism by total ginsenosides and conventional antihypertensive agents in spontaneously hypertensive rats.

Aim: To investigate the regulatory effects of total ginsenosides and the conventional antihypertensive agents (captopril, amlodipine, terazosin and hydrochlorothiazide) on the blood pressure and perturbed metabolism in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) and to analyze the cause-effect relationships between high blood pressure and the metabolic disorders of hypertension.

Methods: SHRs were administrated with total ginsenosides or the antihypertensive agents for eight weeks. Systolic blood pressure (SP) was measured every week and low-molecular-weight compounds in blood plasma were quantitatively analyzed using a nontargeted high-throughput metabolomic tool: gas chromatography/time of flight mass spectrometry (GC/TOFMS) .

[Metabonomic profiling of plasma metabolites in Wistar rats to study the effect of aging by means of GC/TOFMS-based techniques].

The global metabolite profiles of endogenous compounds of Wistar rats from 12 to 20 weeks old were investigated to take deep insight into and get better understanding of the pathogenesis of development and aging. Plasma from Wistar rats at 12, 14, 16, 18, and 20 weeks old were analyzed using GC/TOFMS. Multivariate data analysis was then used to process the metabonomic data which indicated excellent separation between different weeks and showed that the metabolic profiles of the samples changed with age, enabling age-related metabolic trajectories to be visualized.

Simultaneous determination of docetaxel and ketoconazole in rat plasma by liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry.

A rapid and sensitive liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) method has been developed and validated for simultaneous quantification of docetaxel and ketoconazole in rat plasma with paclitaxel as internal standard (IS). The analytes were extracted from rat plasma by using a liquid-liquid extraction technique with ethyl acetate and the LC separation was performed on a Cosmosil-C(18) analytical column (150 mm x 2.0 mm i.

[Separation and determination of donepezil hydrochloride enantiomers in plasma by capillary electrophoresis].

Aim: To establish chiral separation method for donepezil hydrochloride (E2020) enantiomers by capillary electrophoresis (CE) and determine the two enantiomers in plasma.

Methods: Alkalized plasma was extracted by isopropanol-n-hexane (3 : 97) and L-butefeina was used as the internal standard. Enantioresolution was achieved using 2.

[Determination of donepezil in human plasma by HPLC-MS].

Aim: To establish a sensitive and specific liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (time-of-flight) [LC-MS (TOF)] method for the determination of donepezil in human plasma after an oral administration of 5 mg donepezil hydrochloride tablet.

Methods: Alkalized plasma was extracted with isopropanol-n-hexane (3:97) and loratadine was used as internal standard. Solutes were separated on a C18 column with a mobile phase of methanol-acetate buffer (pH 4.