Photocatalytically switchable chemoselective difluoramidation of olefins for the synthesis of diversified difluoro-γ-lactams.

Herein, we describe a visible light-promoted intramolecular difluoramidation reaction of olefins. By precisely adjusting the reaction conditions, the difficult-to-control olefin radical addition process was effectively controlled. Heck-type coupling of olefins and hydrofluoroamidation of olefins, as well as difunctionalization of olefins, were successfully achieved with good selectivity.

Biosynthesis of gold nanoparticles using chloroplasts.

In this paper, a new method of one-pot biosynthesizing of gold nanoparticles (GNPs), using chloroplasts as reductants and stabilizers is reported. The as-prepared GNPs were characterized by ultraviolet visible spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The cytotoxicity of the GNPs was evaluated using the 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) method against gastric mucous cell line GES-1 and gastric cancer cell line MGC-803.