Extracellular vesicle-mediated ferroptosis, pyroptosis, and necroptosis: potential clinical applications in cancer therapy.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have gained increasing recognition as significant regulators of intercellular communication in various physiological and pathological processes. These vesicles play a pivotal role in cancer progression by facilitating the transfer of diverse cargoes, including lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. Regulated cell death (RCD), the orderly and autonomous death of cells, is controlled by a variety of biomacromolecules and, in turn, influences various biological processes and cancer progression.

Haloarene-guided cascade arylation of cyclic vinylogous esters under palladium catalysis.

A method is presented for the synthesis of diaryl cyclic vinylogous esters. The sequence of C(sp)-H arylation events is programed under the differentiated reactivity of the aryl halides, and the optimized reaction system is effectively diverted from producing dihomo-arylated products. The site selectivity of the second arylation is notably modulated by the substitution pattern of the substrates.

Palladium-Catalyzed Cascade Arylation of Vinylogous Esters Enabled by Tris(1-adamantyl)phosphine.

Described is a method for the transformation of a cyclic vinylogous ester to the corresponding polyarylated product. We found a catalytic system comprising palladium diacetate and tris(1-adamantyl)phosphine is quite effective in promoting a set of controlled cascade arylations. As a result, a range of novel (hetero)aryl-containing scaffolds was synthesized with a high level of efficiency.

Anti-Inflammation and Lipogenic Inhibition of Taiwanofungus salmonea Mycelium and Grifola frondosa Fruiting Body.

A long-term inflammatory response can cause the development of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), which is mainly caused by abnormal metabolism of lipids in the liver. Taiwanofungus salmonea and Grifola frondosa, which are valuable medicinal mushrooms in Taiwan and exhibit many beneficial bioactivities, are used to evaluate effects on immune regulation in Raw 264.7 cells and on NASH-related responses in Hep G2 cells.

Chemical composition and nutritional and medicinal value of fruit bodies and submerged cultured mycelia of culinary-medicinal higher Basidiomycetes mushrooms.

This research gives the results of a proximate analysis (moisture, ash, crude protein, fat, total carbohydrates, and total energy); a bioactive compounds analysis (γ-aminobutyric acid [GABA], ergothioneine, lovastatin, and cordycepin); fatty acid and amino acid analysis; and an analysis of macro- and microelement content of fruit bodies and mycelia of 15 higher Basidiomycetes medicinal mushroom strains belonging to 12 species. The results obtained demonstrate that almost all investigated mushrooms were found to be good sources of proteins and carbohydrates, with content varying in the ranges of 8.6-42.