Valorization of thermally hydrolyzed sludge with clay for sintering of ceramic tiles.

The disposal of wastewater sludge is one of the most challenging environmental problems for large cities. Wastewater sludge may be utilized as a feasible substitute for clay to sinter ceramics, given their similar mineralogical composition. However, the organics in sludge will be wasted, while their release during sintering will leave cracks in the ceramic products.