Testosterone and exercise: effects on fitness, body composition, and strength in middle-to-older aged men with low-normal serum testosterone levels.

As men age, serum testosterone (T) concentrations decrease, as do fitness, strength, and lean mass. Whether testosterone treatment confers additive benefit to reverse these changes when combined with exercise training in middle-to-older aged men remains unclear. We assessed the effects of T treatment and exercise, alone and in combination, on aerobic capacity (V̇opeak), body composition, and muscular strength in men 50-70 yr, waist circumference ≥95 cm and low-normal serum T (6-14 nmol·L).

Serum Testosterone is Inversely and Sex Hormone-binding Globulin is Directly Associated with All-cause Mortality in Men.

Context: Serum testosterone concentrations decline with age, while serum sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) concentrations increase.

Objective: To analyze associations of baseline serum testosterone and SHBG concentrations, and calculated free testosterone (cFT) values, with all-cause and cause-specific mortality in men.

Design, Setting, And Participants: The UK Biobank prospective cohort study of community-dwelling men aged 40-69 years old, followed for 11 years.

Neither Hormonal Factors Nor AGEs Explain Lower Prostate Cancer Risk in Older Men With Diabetes Mellitus.

Context: Diabetes mellitus is conventionally associated with an increased risk of cancer; however, inverse associations of diabetes with prostate cancer are well described. Mechanisms are unclear, although hormonal factors, including alterations in sex hormone and IGF1 concentrations due to metabolic disturbances, have been hypothesized to play a role.

Objective: To assess sex hormones, IGF1, glucose, and advanced glycation end products (AGEs) as potential mediators of the association between diabetes mellitus and prostate cancer.

Lower Circulating Androgens Are Associated with Overall Cancer Risk and Prostate Cancer Risk in Men Aged 25-84 Years from the Busselton Health Study.

Androgens, notably testosterone (T), have been implicated in development of several common cancers and prostate cancer; however, precise mechanisms remain unclear. This study assessed prospective associations of serum T, dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and estradiol (E2) with overall cancer (excluding skin cancer), prostate, colorectal and lung cancer risk in 1574 community-dwelling men aged 25-84 years. Sex hormones were assayed using mass spectrometry and men were followed for 20 years with outcomes ascertained using data linkage.

Dihydrotestosterone and cancer risk.

Purpose Of Review: Androgens have been implicated in prostate growth; however, the role of androgens in prostate cancer development is not clear. Furthermore, studies suggest a role for androgens in female-hormone-dependent cancers and common nonhormone dependent cancers. This study aims to review key studies and more recent studies of dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and cancer risk.

Higher IGFBP3 is associated with increased incidence of colorectal cancer in older men independently of IGF1.

Objective: Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) has anabolic and growth-promoting effects, raising concerns regarding its potential to promote tumour growth. Circulating IGF1 is bound to binding proteins, which modulate bioavailability of IGF1. This study assessed the associations of IGF1 and its binding proteins 1 (IGFBP1) and 3 (IGFBP3) with cancer risk.

Lower TSH and higher free thyroxine predict incidence of prostate but not breast, colorectal or lung cancer.

Context: Thyroid hormones modulate proliferative, metabolic and angiogenic pathways. However few studies have examined associations of thyroid hormones with cancer risk.

Objectives: To explore associations of thyrotropin (TSH), free thyroxine (FT4) and anti-thyroperoxidase antibodies (TPOAb) with the incidence of all (non-skin) cancers and specific common cancers.

Greater physical activity and higher androgen concentrations are independently associated with lower cardiometabolic risk in men.

Context: Male ageing is associated with lower circulating testosterone (T) and increased incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Whether physical activity (PA) interacts with hormones to modify CVD risk is unclear.

Objective: We assessed whether PA and sex hormone concentrations were independently associated with measures of CVD risk.

Higher Dihydrotestosterone Is Associated with the Incidence of Lung Cancer in Older Men.

Advancing age is associated with increased cancer incidence, but the role of sex hormones as risk predictors for common cancers in older men remains uncertain. This study was performed to assess associations of testosterone (T), dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and estradiol (E2), with incident prostate, lung and colorectal cancer in community-dwelling older men. Plasma T, DHT and E2 were assayed using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry between 2001 and 2004 in 3690 men.

Higher thyrotropin concentration is associated with increased incidence of colorectal cancer in older men.

Context: Thyroid hormones regulate cellular survival and metabolism; however, their association with cancer incidence and death has not been well explored.

Objectives: Our aim was to examine the relationship between thyrotropin (TSH) and free thyroxine (FT4) with cancer incidence (all cancers, prostate, colorectal and lung cancer). Associations with cancer-related deaths were also explored.

Neutral associations of testosterone, dihydrotestosterone and estradiol with fatal and non-fatal cardiovascular events, and mortality in men aged 17-97 years.

Context: Lower testosterone (T) is associated with poorer health outcomes in older men, however, the relationship between T, dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and estradiol (E2) with cardiovascular disease (CVD) in younger to middle-aged men remains unclear.

Objectives: We assessed associations between endogenous sex hormones with mortality (all-cause and CVD) and CVD events, in a cohort of men aged 17-97 years.

Participants And Methods: Sex hormones were assayed using mass spectrometry in 2143 men from the 1994/5 Busselton Health Survey.

Testosterone, dihydrotestosterone and estradiol are differentially associated with carotid intima-media thickness and the presence of carotid plaque in men with and without coronary artery disease.

Clarifying the relationship of sex hormones to preclinical atherosclerosis could illuminate pathways by which androgens are associated with cardiovascular events and mortality. Our aim was to determine hormone profiles associated with carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) and carotid atheroma, in men with and without known coronary artery disease (CAD). We included 492 community-based men aged 20-70 years (Group A) and 426 men with angiographically proven CAD aged <60 years (Group B).