Ameliorating Effect of Fermented on Sleep Deprivation-Induced Cognitive Impairment Through Antioxidant and BDNF Signaling in Mice.

Adequate sleep is essential for maintaining cognitive function, as evidenced by literature. var. (PF) is a traditional medicinal herb reported to improve vascular cognitive impairment and induce sedation.

Exerts Hypnotic Effects via the Adenosine A Receptor in Mice.

Insomnia is a common sleep disorder with significant societal and economic impacts. Current pharmacotherapies for insomnia are often accompanied by side effects, necessitating the development of new therapeutic drugs. In this study, the hypnotic effects and mechanisms of 30% ethanol extract (ESK) and one of its active compounds, myricitrin, were investigated using pentobarbital-induced sleep experiments, immunohistochemistry (IHC), receptor binding assays, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

β-Lapachone Exerts Hypnotic Effects via Adenosine A Receptor in Mice.

Sleep is one of the most essential physiological phenomena for maintaining health. Sleep disturbances, such as insomnia, are often accompanied by psychiatric or physical conditions such as impaired attention, anxiety, and stress. Medication used to treat insomnia have concerns about potential side effects with long-term use, so interest in the use of alternative medicine is increasing.

Hypnotic effect of AR-001 through adenosine A receptor.

Insomnia is one of the most common sleep disorders, affecting 10-15% of the global population. Because classical remedies used to treat insomnia have various side effects, new therapeutics for insomnia are attracting attention. In the present study, we found that N-Ethyl-N-(furan-2-ylmethyl) quinazoline-2,4-diamine (AR-001) has adenosine A receptor agonistic activity and exhibits hypnotic efficacy by decreasing sleep onset latency and increasing total sleep time in a pentobarbital-induced sleep model.

Sex Differences in the Preventive Effect of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Therapeutics on Dementia.

Dementia is a clinical syndrome characterized by progressive impairment of cognitive and functional abilities. As currently applied treatments for dementia can only delay the progression of dementia and cannot fundamentally cure it, much attention is being paid to reducing its incidence by preventing the associated risk factors. Cardiovascular and metabolic diseases are well-known risk factors for dementia, and many studies have attempted to prevent dementia by treating these risk factors.

Megakaryocyte-Derived IL-8 Acts as a Paracrine Factor for Prostate Cancer Aggressiveness through CXCR2 Activation and Antagonistic AR Downregulation.

Prostate cancer is the fifth leading cause of cancer-related mortality in men, primarily because of treatment resistance, recurrence, and metastasis. In the present study, we investigated the role of paracrine interleukin-8 (IL-8) in the antagonistic expression of IL-8 and androgen receptor (AR), and the contribution of IL-8 to prostate cancer aggressiveness. In hormone-responsive LNCaP cells that do not express IL-8, recombinant IL-8 treatment significantly increased expressions of IL-8, CXC chemokine receptor 2 (CXCR2), matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2/9, Snail, and vimentin.

Fermented Ameliorates Depression-like Behavior in Sleep-Deprivation-Induced Stress Model.

Excessive stress plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of mood disorders such as depression. Fermented natural products have recently attracted attention because of their health benefits. We evaluated the antidepressant-like efficacy of fermented (FPF), and its underlying mechanisms, in sleep deprivation (SD)-induced stress mice.

Luteolin-7--Glucuronide Improves Depression-like and Stress Coping Behaviors in Sleep Deprivation Stress Model by Activation of the BDNF Signaling.

Stress exposure is a major risk factor for mental disorders such as depression. Because of the limitations of classical antidepressants such as side effects, low efficacy, and difficulty in long-term use, new natural medicines and bioactive molecules from plants with greater safety and efficacy have recently attracted attention. Luteolin-7--glucuronide (L7Gn), a bioactive molecule present in , is known to alleviate severe inflammatory responses and oxidative stress in macrophages.

Natural Antioxidant in Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases.

Cardiovascular (CVD) and cerebrovascular diseases, with 17 [...

Effects of Natural Polyphenols on Oxidative Stress-Mediated Blood-Brain Barrier Dysfunction.

The blood-brain barrier (BBB), which consists mainly of brain microvascular endothelial cells and astrocytes connected by tight junctions (TJs) and adhesion molecules (AMs), maintains the homeostatic balance between brain parenchyma and extracellular fluid. Accumulating evidence shows that BBB dysfunction is a common feature of neurodegenerative diseases, including stroke, traumatic brain injury, and Alzheimer's disease. Among the various pathological pathways of BBB dysfunction, reactive oxygen species (ROS) are known to play a key role in inducing BBB disruption mediated via TJ modification, AM induction, cytoskeletal reorganization, and matrix metalloproteinase activation.

Involvement of the adenosine A receptor in the hypnotic effect of rosmarinic acid.

Insomnia, the most common sleep disorder, is characterized by a longer sleep latency, greater sleep fragmentation, and consequent excessive daytime fatigue. Due to the various side effects of prescribed hypnotics, demand for new drugs is still high. Recent studies have suggested the adenosine receptor (AR) as a potential therapeutic target for insomnia, however, clinically useful hypnotics targeting AR are not yet available.

Aβ-Induced Platelet Adhesion Is Ameliorated by Rosmarinic Acid through Inhibition of NADPH Oxidase/PKC-δ/Integrin αβ Signaling.

In platelets, oxidative stress reportedly increases platelet adhesion to vessels, thus promoting the vascular pathology of various neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). Recently, it has been shown that β-amyloid (Aβ) can increase oxidative stress in platelets; however, the underlying mechanism remains elusive. In the present study, we aimed to elucidate the signaling pathway of platelet adhesion induced by Aβ, the major form of circulating Aβ, through Western blotting, immunofluorescence confocal microscopy, and fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis.

Effect of Caffeine Consumption on the Risk for Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders: Sex Differences in Human.

Caffeine occurs naturally in various foods, such as coffee, tea, and cocoa, and it has been used safely as a mild stimulant for a long time. However, excessive caffeine consumption (1~1.5 g/day) can cause caffeine poisoning (caffeinism), which includes symptoms such as anxiety, agitation, insomnia, and gastrointestinal disorders.

Yuzu and Hesperidin Ameliorate Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption during Hypoxia via Antioxidant Activity.

Yuzu and its main component, hesperidin (HSP), have several health benefits owing to their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. We examined the effects of yuzu and HSP on blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction during ischemia/hypoxia in an in vivo animal model and an in vitro BBB endothelial cell model, and also investigated the underlying mechanisms. In an in vitro BBB endothelial cell model, BBB permeability was determined by measurement of Evans blue extravasation in vivo and in vitro.

Downregulated Platelet miR-1233-5p in Patients with Alzheimer's Pathologic Change with Mild Cognitive Impairment is Associated with Aβ-Induced Platelet Activation via P-Selectin.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been proposed as a promising biomarker for various diseases including Alzheimer's disease (AD). More attention has recently been focused on the diagnosis and treatment at earlier stage of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) for preventing its progression to AD. To identify potential pathologic markers for Aβ(+)MCI (Alzheimer's pathologic change with MCI), we investigated miRNA expression profiles in the platelets from patients with Aβ(+)MCI, in comparison with those from Aβ(-)MCI (Non-Alzheimer's pathologic change with MCI) and CNI (cognitively normal individuals).

Impact of Statin Use on Dementia Incidence in Elderly Men and Women with Ischemic Heart Disease.

This study aimed to determine the association between statins and the prevention of dementia according to sex differences in elderly patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD). We performed a nationwide retrospective cohort study using the Korean Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service database (2007-2015). Among the 264,036 eligible patients aged ≥65 years with IHD, statin users were compared with non-users by propensity score matching at a 1:1 ratio (71,587 in each group).

Impact of Sleep Disorder as a Risk Factor for Dementia in Men and Women.

Sleep is an essential physiological process, especially for proper brain function through the formation of new pathways and processing information and cognition. Therefore, when sleep is insufficient, this can result in pathophysiologic conditions. Sleep deficiency is a risk factor for various conditions, including dementia, diabetes, and obesity.

ERdj5 in Innate Immune Cells Is a Crucial Factor for the Mucosal Adjuvanticity of Cholera Toxin.

Cholera toxin (CT) is one of most strong mucosal adjuvants, but it cannot be clinically used owing to its toxicity. The cytosolic A1 subunit of CT (CTA1) is the molecule responsible for its immunostimulatory activity, which increases the concentration of cyclic AMP and causes the induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines in innate immune cells. However, the importance of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) molecules involved in CTA1 retro-translocation to induce immune responses remained to be investigated.

Sex Differences in Cardiovascular Risk Factors for Dementia.

Dementia, characterized by a progressive cognitive decline and a cumulative inability to behave independently, is highly associated with other diseases. Various cardiovascular disorders, such as coronary artery disease and atrial fibrillation, are well-known risk factors for dementia. Currently, increasing evidence suggests that sex factors may play an important role in the pathogenesis of diseases, including cardiovascular disease and dementia.

Linalool Ameliorates Memory Loss and Behavioral Impairment Induced by REM-Sleep Deprivation through the Serotonergic Pathway.

Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep has an essential role in the process of learning and memory in the hippocampus. It has been reported that linalool, a major component of , has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective effects, along with other effects. However, the effect of linalool on the cognitive impairment and behavioral alterations that are induced by REM-sleep deprivation has not yet been elucidated.

Effect of Cilostazol on Incident Dementia in Elderly Men and Women with Ischemic Heart Disease.

Background: Ischemic heart disease (IHD) is associated with cognitive decline and may contribute to an increased risk of dementia.

Objective: The goal of the present study was to investigate whether cilostazol use is associated with a lower risk of incident dementia in Asian patients with IHD, and whether these effects differed based on sex.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study was performed using the Korean National Insurance Claim Data of the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service; the duration of the study was from January 1, 2007 to December 31, 2015.

Antioxidant and antiplatelet potential of different methanol fractions and flavonols extracted from onion ( L.).

In this study, we reported the potential of various methanol fractions of onion (MFO) and its components quercetin and quercetin glucosides on platelet aggregation and antioxidant activity. The onion extracts were separated into several fractions using methanol and water. Further, these extracts were analyzed using simple high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector method to separate quercetin (Q), quercetin-4'--monoglucoside and quercetin-3, 4'--diglucoside from onion sample.

Simple Quantification of Pentosidine in Human Urine and Plasma by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography.

Pentosidine is an advanced glycation end-product (AGE) and fluorescent cross-link compound. A simple high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method was developed for the detection and quantification of pentosidine in human urine and plasma. The mobile phase used a gradient system to improve separation of pentosidine from endogenous peaks, and chromatograms were monitored by fluorescent detector set at excitation and emission wavelengths of 328 and 378 nm, respectively.

Chrysin Attenuates VCAM-1 Expression and Monocyte Adhesion in Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated Brain Endothelial Cells by Preventing NF-κB Signaling.

Adhesion of leukocytes to endothelial cells plays an important role in neuroinflammation. Therefore, suppression of the expression of adhesion molecules in brain endothelial cells may inhibit neuroinflammation. Chrysin (5,7-dihydroxyflavone) is a flavonoid component of propolis, blue passion flowers, and fruits.