[Research Progress on Effect of Bone Marrow Microenvironment Regulated by IL-6/IL-6R/JAK2/STAT3 Pathway on Biological Behavior of Multiple Myeloma--Review].

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a malignant disease with abnormal proliferation of clonal plasma cells. The development of the disease shows a vast heterogeneity, which is closely related to the interaction between MM cells and bone marrow microenvironment (BMM). The interleukin-6 (IL-6)/interleukin-6 receptor (IL-6R)/Janus kinase 2 (JAK2)/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) pathway can regulate the transcription of related soluble factors in BMM, promote the proliferation, anti-apoptosis, drug resistance and guide related bone destruction of MM cells.

[Research Progress on the Mechanism of PI3K/AKT/mTOR Signaling Pathway in Multiple Myeloma --Review].

PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway is of great significance in the development and prognosis of tumors, and is closely related to the pathogenesis of multiple myeloma (MM). PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway can participate in the regulation of MM through multichannel and multitarget, such as regulating the tumor microenvironment of MM cells survival, affecting tumor development and migration, regulating the proliferation, apoptosis and autophagy of MM cells. It have shown that after the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway is inhibited, the apoptosis and autophagy of MM cells are activated, which promote the death of MM cells and inhibit the metastasis and recurrence of MM cells.

Hip arthrogram parameters predict radiographic outcomes of patients with developmental dysplasia of the hip treated by closed reduction.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between intraoperative hip arthrogram parameters and residual acetabular dysplasia (RAD) and avascular necrosis of the femoral head (AVN) in children with developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) treated by closed reduction.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the data of 102 patients (110 hips; mean age, 14.6 months ± 4.

Phytotoxic and Antimicrobial Terrein Derivatives and Butenolides Isolated from the Endophytic Fungus HT5.

Two new terrein derivatives, aspergilethers A and B ( and ), two known analogues ( and ), and three known butenolides (-) were isolated from the endophyte HT5. Their structures were determined by spectroscopic analysis and ECD and NMR calculations. Interestingly, and had unpresented medium aliphatic side chains in terrein derivatives, with different absolute configurations at C-7, which was very scarce.

Is there an alternative to the Delbet-Colonna classification? Introduction and reliability assessment of a new classification system for paediatric femoral neck fractures: preliminary results.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to introduce a new classification system for paediatric femoral neck fractures (PFNFs) and to evaluate its reliability.

Methods: Two hundred and eight unilateral PFNFs (mean patient age: 9.0 ± 4.

The Duration of Hardware Retention After Radiologic Union of Surgically Treated Femoral Neck Fractures in Children May Predict the Aggravation or Occurrence of Avascular Necrosis of the Femoral Head or Neck After Hardware Removal.

Background: The incidence of aggravation or occurrence of avascular necrosis (AVN) following hardware removal in surgically treated pediatric femoral neck fractures who achieved radiologic consolidation is unknown. This study aimed to investigate the risk factors for this complication.

Methods: Seventy-one pediatric (mean age: 9.

Factors influencing outcomes of pelvic osteotomy for residual acetabular dysplasia following closed reduction in patients with developmental dysplasia of the hip.

To investigate the factors influencing outcome of pelvic osteotomy (PO) for residual acetabular dysplasia (RAD) following closed reduction (CR) in patients with developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH). We retrospectively reviewed 91 patients (95 hips) with DDH who underwent PO for RAD. Tönnis grade, Acetabular index, Center Edge Angle, Reimer's Index (RI), and avascular necrosis of the femoral head (AVN) were assessed.

Epidemiological characteristics and distribution of pediatric supracondylar fractures in South China: a retrospective analysis of 760 cases.

To evaluate demographic characteristics and distribution of pediatric supracondylar fractures (SCFs) at a tertiary hospital in South China. A retrospective observational study was conducted on children aged 15 years or younger with a diagnosis of SCFs during the period from January 2016 to December 2018. Patients' medical records and radiographs were retrospectively analyzed for age at the time of injury, sex, site and mechanism of traumatic injury.

Epidemiological characteristics and distribution of congenital thumb duplication in south China: An analysis of 2,300 thumbs in 2,108 children.

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate epidemiological and anatomical characteristics of children with congenital thumb duplication (CTD).

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 2108 children with CTD. Data regarding sex, age at the surgery, laterality, uni- or bilateral involvement, and dominant side were retrieved from the medical charts.

Metabolomic and regular analysis reveal phytotoxic mechanisms of sterigmatocystin in Amaranthus retroflexus L.

Sterigmatocystin (STE) is a common hepatotoxic and nephrotoxic contaminant in cereals, however, its phytotoxicity and mechanisms are poorly understood. Here, the phytotoxic mechanisms of STE were investigated via the metabolomics of Amaranthus retroflexus L. A total of 140 and 113 differential metabolites were detected in the leaves and stems, respectively, among which amino acids, lipids, and phenolic compounds were significantly perturbed.

Magnetic resonance imaging R2* sequences can better detect microstructural cartilage changes than T2 mapping in cynomolgus monkeys with limited knee kinematics: preliminary imaging findings.

Background: The difference between MRI (Magnetic resonance imaging)-R2* and T2 mapping sequences regarding their superiority in the detection of microstructural cartilage changes in knees with limited ROM (range of motion) was unknown.

Methods: Twenty male cynomolgus monkeys (mean age: 10.65 ± 0.

2,4-Decadienoic Acid, a Novel Anti-Oomycete Agent from Coculture of Bacillus subtilis and Trichoderma asperellum.

Phytophthora nicotianae is an oomycete pathogen of global significance threatening many important crops. It is mainly controlled by chemosynthetic fungicides, which endangers ecosystem and human health; thus, there is an urgent need to explore alternatives for these fungicides. In this study, a new anti-oomycete aliphatic compound, 2,4decadienoic acid (DDA), was obtained through coculture of Bacillus subtilis Tpb55 and Trichoderma asperellum HG1.

Modified Radiographic Classification System for Congenital Thumb Duplication: An Analysis of 2,300 Thumbs in 2,108 Children.

Purpose: The objectives of this study were to (1) evaluate the radiographic characteristics of children with congenital thumb duplication (CTD) seen in our institution between August 2015 and April 2021; (2) introduce a modified radiographic classification system (MCS) capable of including all cases of CTD based on their radiographic pathoanatomy; and (3) evaluate the inter- and intrarater reliability of the new classification system.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 2,108 patients with 2,300 CTDs. The MCS is based on the Wassel-Flatt and Chung et al classification systems and includes specific subtypes from the Rotterdam and modified Wassel-Flatt classifications.

Incidence and risk factors for persistent acetabular dysplasia in patients with developmental dislocation of the hip treated by Pavlik Harness.

Some patients with developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) before 6 months of age successfully treated by Pavlik Harness (PH) still had persistent acetabular dysplasia (PAD). This study aimed to investigate the incidence and risk factors for PAD in patients with DDH treated by PH. We retrospectively reviewed the data of 89 patients (109 hips; mean age, 3.

Phytotoxic Azaphilones From the Mangrove-Derived Fungus HY5.

Mangrove is a unique marine ecosystem growing in the intertidal zone of tropical and subtropical coast, with the characteristics of hypoxia tolerance, high salinity, and high humidity. In order to discover novel leading compounds with potent phytotoxicity, seven pairs of azaphilones isomers, isochromophilone H (/), sclerotiorins A and B (/ and ), ochlephilone (/), isochromophilone IV (/), isochromophilone J (/), and isochromophilone I (/), were isolated from the culture broth of the mangrove-derived fungus, the HY5, by various chromatographic methods. Among them, , , , , , , and were new compounds.

Decalintetracids A and B, two pairs of unusual 3-decalinoyltetramic acid derivatives with phytotoxicity from Fusarium equiseti D39.

The filamentous fungi Fusarium sp. are well-known for their ability to produce abundant specialised metabolites with attractive chemical structures and bioactivities. In this study, chemical analyses of the endophyte F.

DDH in the Walking Age: Review of Patients with Long-Term Follow-Up.

Introduction: The best treatment option in children with late detected DDH is still a subject of much controversy and only few studies have investigated the long-term outcome of treatment in such patients. We performed a systematic review to assess long-term outcome of late detected DDH hips treated after walking age.

Methods: Studies met inclusion criteria if they: (1) reported at least 30 hips treated; (2) included children aged between 9 months and 12 years; (3) treatment indication was late detected DDH after walking age; (4) presented a minimum follow-up of 10 years; (5) reported a clinical or radiological outcome.

Variables influencing radiological fracture healing in children with femoral neck fractures treated surgically: A review of 177 cases.

Purpose: This study aimed: (1) to determine the probability of and the amount of time needed to achieve fracture healing in children with displaced femoral neck fractures (FNFs) treated surgically; and (2) to determine which factors can affect both the probability of and the amount of time needed to achieve radiological fracture healing in those patients.

Hypothesis: Pediatric FNFs require longer time to achieve union than previously reported.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the data of 177 children (mean age 10.

Does the vascular development of the femoral head correlate with the incidence of avascular necrosis of the proximal femoral epiphysis in children with developmental dysplasia of the hip treated by closed reduction?

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the correlation between the vascular development of the femoral head and avascular necrosis (AVN) in patients with developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) treated by closed reduction (CR).

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 78 patients with DDH treated by CR (83 hips). The vascular maturity, number of vessels and perfusion changes of the femoral head were assessed on perfusion MRI (pMRI) before and after CR.

Bacterial community in saline farmland soil on the Tibetan plateau: responding to salinization while resisting extreme environments.

Background: Salinization damages the health of soil systems and reduces crop yields. Responses of microbial communities to salinized soils and their functional maintenance under high salt stress are valuable scientific problems. Meanwhile, the microbial community of the salinized soil in the plateau environment is less understood.