Pharmacokinetics, optimal dosages and withdrawal time of amoxicillin in Nile tilapia () reared at 25 and 30 °C.

Knowledge of amoxicillin (AMX) pharmacokinetics (PK) and tissue residues in fish, which is necessary for prudent drug use, remains limited. The study aimed to explore the PK characteristics of AMX in Nile tilapia () reared at 25 and 30 °C as well as to determine optimal dosages and drug withdrawal time (WDT). In the PK investigation, the fish received a single dose of 40 mg/kg AMX oral gavage, and the optimal dosage was determined by the pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic approach.

The Use of Tricaine Methanesulfonate (MS-222) in Asian Seabass () at Different Temperatures: Study of Optimal Doses, Minimum Effective Concentration, Blood Biochemistry, Immersion Pharmacokinetics, and Tissue Distributions.

This study was conducted to determine the optimal doses and minimum effective concentrations (MECs) of tricaine methanesulfonate (MS-222) in marketable-size Asian seabass reared at two temperatures (22 and 28 °C). Serum biochemical parameters, pharmacokinetics, and tissue distributions of MS-222 following immersion at the determined optimal doses were also evaluated in order to delineate possible mechanisms dictating the temperature difference. The definition of optimal dose is set as the dose when fish attain stage III anesthesia within 5 min, sustain this stage for 3 min, and re-attain equilibrium within 5 min.

Effects of starvation on the pharmacokinetics and optimal dosages of florfenicol and associated serum biochemistry in Asian seabass (Lates calcarifer).

Starvation has influence on physiology and pharmacokinetic (PK) characteristics of many drugs in land animals. However, similar PK information in fish is lacking. The current study examined the effects of starvation on fish PK, taking florfenicol (FF) in Asian seabass as an example.

Effects of temperature on the pharmacokinetics, optimal dosage, tissue residue, and withdrawal time of florfenicol in asian seabass ().

Drug behavior in the bodies of fish is largely influenced by the water temperature. Antimicrobial drugs are needed for the control of bacterial outbreaks in farmed fish including Asian seabass (). However, little is known about the temperature effect on appropriate drug uses in this species.

[Darolutamide: A new drug for non-metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer].

Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most common tumors in male. Castration-resistant PCa (CRPC) refers to the prostate malignancy with a PSA increase or imaging progression after androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT), which is divided into metastatic CRPC (mCRPC) and non-metastatic CRPC (nmCRPC) based on the presence or absence of imaging metastasis. Two second-generation antiandrogens, enzuramide and abiraterone, were approved for the treatment of nmCRPC in 2018.

Basal forebrain GABAergic neurons promote arousal and predatory hunting.

Predatory hunting is an important approach for animals to obtain valuable nutrition and energy, which critically depends on heightened arousal. Yet the neural substrates underlying predatory hunting remain largely undefined. Here, we report that basal forebrain (BF) GABAergic neurons play an important role in regulating predatory hunting.

MRI Features of Intracranial Anaplastic Ependymomas: A Comparison of Supratentorial and Infratentorial Lesions.

Several previous reports of anaplastic ependymomas have described their imaging features, and most of these studies were case reports. However, no studies have compared the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features between the infratentorial and supratentorial anaplastic ependymomas. The goal of this study was to explore MRI characteristics for intracranial anaplastic ependymomas.

Glutamatergic lateral hypothalamus promotes defensive behaviors.

The glutamatergic lateral hypothalamus (LH) has been implicated in a variety of behaviors, such as evasion and feeding, while its role in defensive behaviors and relevant neurocircuits remains unclear. Here, we demonstrated that the glutamatergic LH is a critical structure regulating defensive behaviors. Trimethylthiazole (TMT), the odor of mice predator, significantly increased c-Fos expression in the LH.

Bibliometric analysis of subject trends and knowledge structures of gut microbiota.

Background: Gut microbiota is an emerging field of research, with related research having breakthrough development in the past 15 years. Bibliometric analysis can be applied to analyze the evolutionary trends and emerging hotspots in this field.

Aim: To study the subject trends and knowledge structures of gut microbiota related research fields from 2004 to 2018.

Characterization of the monoclonal antibody specific to the ORF72 protein of koi herpesvirus and cellular distribution analysis of the viral protein.

Koi herpesvirus (KHV) is an emerging pathogen of koi and common carp that causes a severe disease and mass mortality of infected fish. The KHV ORF72 protein is an important capsid protein that has been suggested to be a candidate for the development of diagnostic reagents and KHV vaccines. The purpose of this study was to clone and express the KHV ORF72 gene for further preparation of a specific monoclonal antibody (mAb) and to analyse cellular distribution of the viral protein.

Development of nanotechnology in andrology.

Since first introduced in 1980s, nanotechnology has always been the eye-catching point as its providing us with new approaches to explore the microscopic world. Many nanotechnology-associated novel technologies have been brought into clinical use in the past decades and uncountable patients benefited from them, which convinces us of a bright prospect of nanotechnology in the field of medicine. In this review, literatures concerning nanotechnology applications in andrology were retrieved and we made a comprehensive discussion on drug delivery, gene therapy and stem cell therapy use in andrology, which calls for the engagement of nanotechnology.

Ventral tegmental area GABAergic neurons induce anxiety-like behaviors and promote palatable food intake.

The obesity epidemic is a global problem and a great challenge for public health. Overconsumption of food, especially palatable food, is the leading cause of obesity. The precise neural circuits underlying food overconsumption remain unclear and require further characterization.

Development of an immunoassay using recombinant outer membrane protein A and flagellin for diagnosis of goats with melioidosis.

Among domestic animals, melioidosis is one of the most common diseases reported in goat, sheep, and swine. To evaluate the specific antibodies in goats with melioidosis, we developed a serology test using recombinant outer membrane protein A (OmpA) and flagellin (FliC) of Burkholderia pseudomallei as antigens. DNA corresponding to each antigen was cloned into a pET32a vector and expressed in Escherichia coli.

Protective effect of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells modified with klotho on renal ischemia-reperfusion injury.

Objective: To detect the combination protective effect of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and Klotho gene on the renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (RIRI).

Methods: BMSCs isolated from rats were transfected with Klotho gene to form BMSC. We injected BMSC to allogenic rat RIRI model.

MR imaging features of spinal pilocytic astrocytoma.

Background: The purpose of this retrospective review is to determine the MR imaging features of pilocytic astrocytoma (PA) in the spinal cord to help neuroradiologists preoperatively differentiate PA from other intramedullary tumors.

Methods: Neuro-oncology database review revealed 13 consecutive patients with a pathological spinal PA diagnosis and availability of preoperative MR imaging. Three patients had preoperative diffusion-weighted MR imaging.

Clinicopathological Characteristics, Treatment, and Prognosis of Rarely Primary Epididymal Adenocarcinoma: A Review and Update.

Primary epididymal adenocarcinoma (PEA) is exceedingly rare. Only 22 cases had been published worldwide by 2008; nearly 80% of these cases were reported before 2007. In order to investigate the current clinical status of PEA, we search for relevant literatures with "epididymis and adenocarcinoma" and "epididymal and adenocarcinoma" as keywords published between January 1997 and November 2017 in PubMed.

Low-intensity extracorporeal shock wave therapy for erectile dysfunction after radical prostatectomy: a review of preclinical studies.

Low-intensity extracorporeal shock wave therapy (LI-ESWT) is a novel treatment for erectile dysfunction (ED). Its ability to improve erectile function has been shown in patients with vasculogenic ED by many randomized-controlled trials against sham procedures. However, the role of LI-ESWT in ED caused by radical prostatectomy (RP) is still questionable because this type of ED was excluded from nearly all clinical studies; it has been investigated in only a few small single-arm trials.

Short-term efficacy and safety of low-intensity extracorporeal shock wave therapy in erectile dysfunction: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Aim: The role of low-intensity extracorporeal shock wave therapy (LI-ESWT) in erectile dysfunction (ED) is not clearly determined. The purpose of this study is to investigate the short-term efficacy and safety of LI-ESWT for ED patients.

Materials And Methods: Relevant studies were searched in Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), WANFANG and VIP databases.

Changes of T2 Relaxation Time From Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Breast Cancer Lesions.

Background: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) is generally an effective method of reducing locally advanced malignant breast lesions before surgery; assessing the tumor response to NAC is crucial for patient management. T2 relaxation times can reflect biological state of lesions, may prove useful to assess the response to NAC.

Objectives: To investigate the lesion T2 relaxation times change in breast cancer neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC).

Radiocolloid-based dynamic sentinel lymph node biopsy in penile cancer with clinically negative inguinal lymph node: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis.

Purpose: More literatures regarding radiocolloid-based dynamic sentinel lymph node biopsy (DSNB) in penile cancer with clinically negative groin (cN0) have been published since previous meta-analysis in 2012. This updated meta-analysis was to assess the accuracy of the procedure in penile cancer with cN0 disease and explore its relative factors on the basis of current evidences.

Materials And Methods: We performed a review of PubMed, Ovid/Embase, and the Cochrane Library in March 2016 according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) statement.

[Prostatic urethral lift: A novel minimally invasive treatment for benign prostatic hyperplasia].

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and BPH-induced lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) are common factors influencing the quality of life (QOL) of elderly males. In case of undesirable or adverse effects of medication, many BPH patients seek surgical treatment. Transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP), though evidently effective for BPH, fails to preserve the sexual function and therefore reduces the QOL of the patients.