Proximal median nerve neuropathy: electrodiagnostic and ultrasound findings in 62 patients.

Objectives: Proximal median nerve (PMN) neuropathies are caused by lesions proximal to the carpal tunnel, which include the forearm, elbow, upper arm, and brachial plexus. Differentiating between carpal tunnel syndrome and PMN neuropathies is important to guide management and is based on clinical, electrodiagnostic (EDX), and ultrasound (US) findings. This study describes the clinical, EDX, and US features in 62 patients with PMNs.

Clinical, Electrodiagnostic, Sonographic, and Radiological Findings of Hirayama Disease: A Report of Two Cases and a Review of the Literature.

Hirayama disease (HD) is a rare disorder characterized by insidious asymmetric neurogenic atrophy primarily involving the upper extremities. HD most commonly affects adolescent males and has a favorable prognosis for arrest of progression. Electrodiagnostic (EDX) studies show chronic denervation changes in the distal upper extremity muscles.

A Retrospective Study of Lateral Antebrachial Cutaneous Nerve Neuropathy: Electrodiagnostic Findings and Etiologies in 49 Cases.

Background: The lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve (LACN) is the terminal sensory branch of the musculocutaneous nerve and is rarely entrapped or injured. This study describes the electrodiagnostic (EDX) findings and etiologies of LACN neuropathy.

Methods: This is a review of 49 patients with pain and/or paresthesia of the forearm who underwent EDX studies.

Clinical, Electrodiagnostic, and Ultrasound Findings in 87 Patients With Finger Drop.

Background: The inability to extend the fingers at the metacarpophalangeal and interphalangeal joints leads to finger drop. While wrist drop and foot drop are well recognized, the causes of finger drop are poorly understood.

Aims: This study describes the clinical, electrodiagnostic (EDX), and ultrasound (US) features in patients with finger drop.

Experimental research and application of drilling and blasting with directional damage-reduction shaped charge.

In this research, a directional reduction charging structure was proposed to solve the problems caused by drilling and blasting method such as serious damage to surrounding rocks, working face low contour flatness and serious over-under break of root base c. Drilling and blasting tests, numerical calculations and field applications were designed and performed for the verification of the blasting advantages of charge structure. Test results showed that the peak positive strain along the protection direction of directional protection shaped charge was significantly smaller than that of ordinary charge, where PVC material presented the strongest effect such that the peak positive strain of specimen 1 at measuring point 4 (protection direction) was only 0.

Unilateral Calf Atrophy: A Case Series of Clinical and Electrodiagnostic Findings With a Review of the Literature.

Unilateral calf atrophy may result from several medical conditions, such as lumbar radiculopathy, asymmetric myopathy/dystrophy, a Baker's (popliteal) cyst leading to tibial nerve compression, and disuse atrophy. We present a case series of four patients with unilateral calf atrophy, including chronic neurogenic atrophy (benign focal amyotrophy, one patient), tibial nerve compression at the popliteal fossa by a Baker's cyst (one patient), and disuse atrophy (two patients). All four patients underwent electrodiagnostic (EDX) studies, and two of them had denervation changes of the gastrocnemius.

Gunshot-related nerve injuries of the upper extremities: clinical, electromyographic, and ultrasound features in 22 patients.

Objectives: Gunshot wounds of the upper extremities may cause permanent neurovascular injuries, leading to significant morbidity, chronic pain, functional loss, and disability. While there are many reports on the incidence and intraoperative findings in gunshot-related nerve injuries (GSNI) sustained during wars, there is a paucity of details pertaining to GSNI of the upper extremities in civilians. The goal of this paper is to provide the clinical, electrodiagnostic (EDX), and ultrasound (US) findings in 22 patients with GSNI of the upper extremities.

Clinical Spectrum of Postsurgical Parsonage-Turner Syndrome: A Perspective From an Electrodiagnostic Laboratory.

Background: Parsonage-Turner syndrome (PTS) is an underdiagnosed disorder characterized by the acute onset of severe pain in the shoulder/scapula/arm followed by muscle weakness/numbness in the distribution of nerves derived from the brachial plexus (BP). Surgical procedures are one of several antecedent events of PTS. This study describes the clinical spectrum of postsurgical Parsonage-Turner syndrome (PSPTS) in a large cohort of patients.

Clinical Features of a Newly Described Mutation of Myelin Protein Zero in a Family.

Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease is the most common hereditary neuropathy. Duplication of the () gene is the most frequent genetic abnormality in CMT disease. Although rare compared to gene mutations, many different () gene mutations have been described in patients with CMT disease.

Iatrogenic Ulnar Nerve Neuropathy Following Reverse Total Shoulder Arthroplasty: Electrodiagnostic Findings in 18 Patients.

Background A reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (RTSA) is often recommended for rotator cuff pathology and may be associated with a myriad of complications, including prosthetic instability, infection, humeral problems, and glenoid loosening. Neurological injuries following an RTSA are infrequent and are usually related to brachial plexus or proximal nerve injury in the affected arm. Iatrogenic ulnar nerve neuropathy is exceedingly rare.

Causes of Dorsal Cutaneous Branch of the Ulnar Nerve Neuropathy Among Patients Undergoing Electrodiagnostic Studies: A Series of 14 Patients.

Background: Isolated neuropathy of the dorsal cutaneous branch of the ulnar nerve (DCBUN) is rare and most cases are secondary to trauma, often iatrogenic. The topography of sensory abnormalities and abnormal electrodiagnostic (EDX) findings are crucial in confirming DCBUN neuropathy.  Materials and methods: This is a retrospective study of patients with isolated involvement of the DCBUN from among patients referred for EDX studies for upper extremity symptoms.

Etiology of spastic foot drop among 16 patients undergoing electrodiagnostic studies: patient series.

Background: Differentiating foot drop due to upper motor neuron (UMN) lesions from that due to lower motor neuron lesions is crucial to avoid unnecessary surgery or surgery at the wrong location. Electrodiagnostic (EDX) studies are useful in evaluating patients with spastic foot drop (SFD).

Observations: Among 16 patients with SFD, the cause was cervical myelopathy in 5 patients (31%), cerebrovascular accident in 3 (18%), hereditary spastic paraplegia in 2 (12%), multiple sclerosis in 2 (12%), chronic cerebral small vessel disease in 2 (12%), intracranial meningioma in 1 (6%), and diffuse brain injury in 1 (6%).

Impact of Occupations and Hobbies on the Severity of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: An Electrodiagnostic Perspective.

Objective: This study describes the clinical and electrodiagnostic (EDX) findings as well as occupations and hobbies in 613 patients diagnosed with carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS).

Methods: Patients with moderate, moderately severe, or severe CTS based on EDX criteria were included.

Results: The most common occupations included workers in offices, construction/maintenance, and assembly lines.

Etiological study of superficial radial nerve neuropathy: series of 34 patients.

Objectives: Superficial radial nerve (SRN) neuropathy is a rare focal neuropathy leading to pain and paresthesia of the dorsolateral aspect of the hand. Reported causes include trauma, extrinsic compression, or it may be idiopathic. We describe the clinical and electrodiagnostic (EDX) features of 34 patients with SRN neuropathy of varied etiology.

Anti-cancer therapeutic agents and carpal tunnel syndrome: Clinical, electrodiagnostic, and ultrasound findings in seven patients.

Introduction: Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is the most common entrapment neuropathy and rarely develops after drug therapy. This study describes the clinical, electrodiagnostic (EDX), and ultrasound (US) findings in seven patients who experienced CTS due to anti-cancer therapeutic agents.

Methods: All patients underwent EDX testing, and four patients had an US study.

Iatrogenic median and ulnar nerve injuries during carpal tunnel release: clinical, electrodiagnostic, and ultrasound features in 12 patients. Patient series.

Background: Nerve injuries during carpal tunnel release (CTR) are rare. Electrodiagnostic (EDX) and ultrasound (US) studies may be helpful in evaluating iatrogenic nerve injuries during CTR.

Observations: Nine patients sustained a median nerve injury, and 3 patients experienced ulnar nerve damage.

Importance of Electrodiagnostic Testing Prior to a Tethered Cord Release in a Patient with Overlapping Symptoms of Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease.

Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease is the most common inherited neuromuscular disorder causing a symmetric, slowly progressive distal neuropathy of the legs and arms. Tethered cord syndrome (TCS) encompasses a constellation of neurological, gastrointestinal, musculoskeletal, and urinary abnormalities resulting from spinal cord traction. The signs and symptoms of CMT and TCS may be very similar.

Role of electromyography and ultrasonography in the diagnosis of double crush lumbar radiculopathy and common fibular injury: illustrative cases.

Background: Double crush syndrome consists of two compression sites along a peripheral nerve and is rare in the lower extremities. Electrodiagnostic and ultrasound (US) studies may be helpful in evaluating foot drop involving overlapping pathologies.

Observations: Case 1 involved a man who presented with left dorsiflexor weakness and left foot numbness.

Early-Onset Dropped Head Syndrome and Person-in-the-Barrel Syndrome After Radiation Therapy: Clinical, Electromyographic, and MRI Findings.

Dropped head syndrome (DHS) involves severe weakness of the neck extensor muscles causing the mandible to drop to the chest wall. Isolated neck extensor weakness is a rare complication of radiotherapy. This condition may result within a few weeks or months following radiotherapy (early-onset) or several years after radiotherapy (late-onset), with the latter more commonly encountered.

Multifocal intradural extramedullary ependymoma, amplified: illustrative case.

Background: Ependymomas are the most frequent tumors of the adult spinal cord, representing 1.9% of all central nervous system tumors and 60% of spinal cord tumors. Spinal ependymomas are usually solitary, intramedullary lesions.

Flaccid Brachial Monoplegia As Initial Presentation in a Patient With Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy.

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a demyelinating disease caused by activation of John Cunningham virus (JCV) replication in the setting of impaired cellular immunity. A positive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay for JCV DNA in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in conjunction with clinical findings and neuroimaging are diagnostic of PML. A false negative JCV PCR in the CSF may occur, necessitating PML confirmation by brain biopsy.

Nerve Ultrasound Findings before and after Surgery in a Patient with Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease Type 1A and Comorbid Carpal Tunnel Syndrome.

The diagnosis of comorbid carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) in patients with Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease is challenging due to the overlapping symptoms and inconclusive electrodiagnostic studies (EDX). This case report is aimed at illustrating the value of ultrasonography (US) in a patient with CMT1 disease and comorbid CTS. A 28-year-old woman presented with symptoms of painful paresthesia and weakness of both hands.

Parsonage-Turner Syndrome Following COVID-19 Vaccination: Clinical and Electromyographic Findings in 6 Patients.

Parsonage-Turner syndrome (PTS) following COVID-19 infection or vaccination is rare. The pathophysiology may involve an immune-mediated inflammatory reaction against brachial plexus nerve fibers in a genetically predisposed individual. We describe the clinical and electromyographic features of 6 patients presenting with the clinical picture of PTS following COVID-19 vaccination.