Interleukin-6 is significantly increased in severe pneumonia after allo-HSCT and might induce lung injury via IL-6/sIL-6R/JAK1/STAT3 pathway.

Background: Severe pneumonia after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) is associated with high mortality. Given that cytokine, including Interleukin-6 (IL-6), play a critical role in immune-mediated organ injury in patients with severe COVID-19, we hypothesized that cytokines may also contribute to the pathogenesis of severe pneumonia after allo-HSCT. This study aimed to investigate the role of IL-6 in severe pneumonia post-allo-HSCT and explore its underlying mechanism.

A novel metastable-state photoacid for reversible protonation of strong bases.

Metastable-state photoacid (mPAH) has become a common tool for controlling and driving chemical processes with light. However, previously developed mPAHs could not be used for reversible protonation of strong bases, including many common amines and heterocycles. In this work, we developed a novel mPAH using benzimidazole as the structural moiety with the active proton.

Neuromuscular disturbances in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis observed from the anticipatory muscle activations in scapula stabilizers: a cross-sectional study.

Background: While it is well-stablished that scoliosis can lead to neuromuscular control disorders, the specific characteristics of these impairments remain unclear. This study aimed to explore the neuromuscular features of scapula stabilizers in adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) through an analysis of anticipatory muscle activations (AMAs).

Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted with 17 AIS and 19 age-matched healthy subjects.

Plasma cell-free DNA chromatin immunoprecipitation profiling depicts phenotypic and clinical heterogeneity in advanced prostate cancer.

Cell phenotype underlies prostate cancer presentation and treatment resistance and can be regulated by epigenomic features. However, the osteotropic tendency of prostate cancer limits access to metastatic tissue, meaning most prior insights into prostate cancer chromatin biology are from preclinical models that do not fully represent disease complexity. Noninvasive chromatin immunoprecipitation of histones in plasma cell-free in humans may enable capture of disparate prostate cancer phenotypes.

SIRT1 regulates cigarette smoke extract‑induced alveolar macrophage polarization and inflammation by inhibiting the TRAF6/NLRP3 signaling pathway.

M1 macrophages activated by cigarette smoke extract (CSE) serve a pro‑inflammatory role in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The expression of silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1) is decreased in the alveolar macrophages of patients with COPD. However, whether SIRT1 is involved in COPD by regulating macrophage polarization remains unknown.

Assessment of myelination development in neonatal rats using chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) 7-T MRI.

Myelination is a crucial process in the nervous system. This study aimed to evaluate the progression of myelin sheath development in different brain regions of neonatal rats at distinct developmental stages using Chemical Exchange Saturation Transfer (CEST) 7-T MRI. Male SD rats of different ages (3 days, 1 week, 2 weeks, 3 weeks, 1 month, 2 months) were selected for the study.

Predictive value and model construction of preoperative nutritional indexes for postoperative leakage in gastric cancer.

Objective: We aimed to explore the predictive significance of the nutritional indexes in the occurrence of postoperative leakage after gastrectomy, aiming to develop and validate a predictive nomogram for assessing the risk of these complications.

Methods: Patients undergoing radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer were studied, using data from The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University (2019-2022, n = 1075) for nomogram development and an external cohort from Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center (2022, n = 286) for validation. The model, focusing on postoperative leakage, was constructed through univariate and backward stepwise regression.

Utilizing metagenomic next-generation sequencing and phylogenetic analysis to identify a rare pediatric case of infection presenting with fulminant myocarditis.

Background: (), a rare and typically lethal amoeba, most commonly causes primary amoebic meningoencephalitis (PAM). This case report describes an exceptionally rare presentation of fulminant myocarditis as the primary manifestation in a 6-year-old child, diverging from the typical neurological pathogenesis associated with infection. Beyond neurological afflictions, the child developed arrhythmias and cardiac failure, necessitating treatment with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO).

Venetoclax plus D-CAG (decitabine, cytarabine, aclarubicin, G-CSF) for elderly or unfit patients with newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia: a multicenter, prospective study.

Induction regimens with satisfactory remission rates are limited for patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) who are elderly or ineligible for intensive chemotherapy. This study is a single-arm, multicenter, prospective phase I/II study (registered with the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry as ChiCTR 2200059694 on May 8, 2022), aiming to evaluate the efficacy and safety of venetoclax plus decitabine, cytarabine, aclarubicin, and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (VD-CAG) for newly diagnosed AML patients who are elderly or ineligible for intensive chemotherapy. The primary endpoint was composite complete remission (CRc) after 1 cycle of induction chemotherapy.

Suppressing Oxygen Adsorption on Bulk Arsenic and 2D Arsenic Nanoflake Surfaces: The Role of Sb Doping.

The susceptibility of bulk and exfoliated nanolayered arsenic to oxidation has been a significant obstacle limiting their widespread application and safe disposal. Here we report a controllable antimony-doped (Sb-doped) method via chemical vapor transport (CVT) with SnI as a transport agent to prepare the bulk arsenic. After 96 h of exposure to air, the oxygen content on the surface of Sb-doped arsenic with SnI is 67% lower compared to the undoped arsenic with SnI, and 89% lower than the control group (undoped arsenic without SnI).

Non-small cell lung cancer organoids: Advances and challenges in current applications.

Lung cancer is emerging as a common malignancy worldwide, with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounting for approximately 85% of all cases. Two-dimensional (2D) cell line cultures and animal models are currently used to study NSCLC. However, 2D cell cultures fail to replicate the medication response and neoplastic heterogeneity of parental tumors.

Mapping and cloning of pepper fruit color-related genes based on BSA-seq technology.

Fruit color is an important qualitative trait that greatly influences the marketability of peppers. Fruit color can be divided into two categories. Green fruit color denotes commercial maturity, whereas ripe fruit indicates physiological maturity.

Mycoplasma bovis activates apoptotic caspases to suppress xenophagy for its intracellular survival.

Mammalian caspases are categorized into apoptotic and inflammatory types. Apoptotic caspases mediate apoptosis activation, while inflammatory caspases participate in inflammasome activation. Previous studies have shown that apoptotic caspases regulate autophagy in both cancer and pharmacological treatment models.

ALKBH5 promotes T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia growth via mA-guided epigenetic inhibition of miR-20a-5p.

This study investigates the role of ALKBH5-mediated mA demethylation in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL). T-ALL cell lines (HPB-ALL, MOLT4, Jurkat, CCRF-CEM) and human T cells were analyzed. CCRF-CEM and Jurkat cells were transfected with si-ALKBH5, miR-20a-5p-inhibitor, and pcDNA3.

Identification of metabolic progression and subtypes in progressive supranuclear palsy by PET molecular imaging.

Introduction: Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) is a neurodegenerative disorder with diverse clinical presentations that are linked to tau pathology. Recently, Subtype and Stage Inference (SuStaIn) algorithm, an innovative data-driven method, has been developed to model both the spatial-temporal progression and subtypes of disease. This study explores PSP progression using F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) imaging and the SuStaIn algorithm to identify PSP metabolic progression subtypes and understand disease mechanisms.

The CaABCG14 transporter gene regulates the capsaicin accumulation in Pepper septum.

Capsaicin (CAP), a crucial compound found in chili peppers, not only contributes to their spicy flavor but also possesses several industrial applications. CAP biosynthetic pathway is well known, while its transport mechanism remains elusive. Herein, we performed a comparative transcriptome analysis conducted on pepper fruit tissues at three different stages of development.

Integrating cellular experiments, single-cell sequencing, and machine learning to identify endoplasmic reticulum stress biomarkers in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.

Background: Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF) presents a severe respiratory challenge with a poor prognosis due to the lack of reliable biomarkers. Recent evidence suggests that Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress (ERS) may be associated with IPF pathogenesis. This study focuses on uncovering ERS-associated biomarkers for IPF.

Women's preferences for genetic screening in routine care: A qualitative study.

Objective: Examine decision-making regarding when women would prefer to receive reproductive carrier and cancer predisposition screening and from what clinician.

Methods: 20 women completed in-depth interviews via Zoom exploring their views on the provision of reproductive carrier and cancer predisposition screening. Our analysis identified themes related to what informs women's preferences for when they would like to receive a genetic screening offer and by which clinician.

Psychometric validation of the Chinese version of the dry eye-related quality-of-life score questionnaire.

Aim: To psychometrically validate the Chinese version of the dry eye-related quality-of-life score questionnaire (DEQS-CHN) among Chinese patients with dry eye.

Methods: This study involved 231 participants, including 191 with dry eye disease (DED) comprising the dry eye disease group, and 40 healthy participants forming the control group. Participants were required to complete the DEQS-CHN, and Chinese dry eye questionnaire and undergo clinical tests including the fluorescein breakup time (FBUT), corneal fluorescein staining (CFS), and Schirmer I test.

Accurate and inaccurate beliefs about cancer risk factors among Spanish-preferring adults in the United States.

Objective: To characterize inaccurate and accurate beliefs about cancer risk factors held among Spanish-preferring adults in the United States.

Methods: From a national probability panel, we surveyed 196 Hispanic adults who prefer completing questionnaires in Spanish. We also used data from a representative sample of 1200 adults in the US to compare belief acceptance.

Blended Phenotype of and Variants With Accelerated Large and Small Artery Crosstalk: A Case Report and Literature Review.

Objectives: Recent advancements in genome research have revealed not only the importance of variants associated with cerebrovascular diseases but also a notably high frequency of carriers harboring multiple variants, presenting with an elusive blended phenotype. In this study, we report the case of a 66-year-old man who experienced 3 stroke episodes over a 4-year period, starting at the age of 62 years. The patient presented with isolated infarcts in the left temporal pole with progressive stenosis in the ipsilateral middle cerebral artery based on large and small artery crosstalk.