Effects of Extracellular Vesicles Derived from Human Umbilical Cord Blood Mesenchymal Stem Cells on Cell Immunity in Nonobese Mice.

Autoimmune responses are the most important pathogenic mechanisms underlying type 1 diabetes (T1D). Extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have immunomodulatory effects. In this study, we investigated whether EVs derived from human umbilical cord MSCs (HucMSC-EVs) have treatment effects on nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice as model of T1D.

Case report: Noonan syndrome with protein-losing enteropathy.

Noonan syndrome (NS) is characterized by typical facial features, short stature, congenital heart defects and other comorbidities. Lymphedema and chylous pleural effusions are also common in NS, but protein-losing enteropathy (PLE) is rarely reported. We present the case of a 19-year-old Chinese woman presenting with PLE.

Stem Cells from Human Exfoliated Deciduous Teeth Alleviate High-Altitude Cerebral Oedema by Shifting Microglial M1/M2 Polarisation.

Objective: To explore the high-efficiency and low-risk prevention and treatment strategies for stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) for high-altitude cerebral oedema.

Methods: A low-pressure and low-oxygen tank mimicking high-altitude conditions was used to establish the high-altitude cerebral oedema animal model. The preventive effects of SHED for cerebral oedema were then evaluated by haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and histological staining.

Interferon-gamma Treatment of Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells can Significantly Reduce Damage Associated with Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy in Mice.

Background: Diabetic peripheral neuropathy causes significant pain to patients. Umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells have been shown to be useful in the treatment of diabetes and its complications. The aim of this study was to investigate whether human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells treated with interferon-gamma can ameliorate nerve injury associated with diabetes better than human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells without interferon-gamma treatment.

M2 exosomes modified by hydrogen sulfide promoted bone regeneration by moesin mediated endocytosis.

Bone defects caused by trauma or tumor led to high medical costs and poor life quality for patients. The exosomes, micro vesicles of 30-150 nm in diameter, derived from macrophages manipulated bone regeneration. However, the role of hydrogen sulfide (HS) in the biogenesis and function of exosomes and its effects on bone regeneration remains elusive.

Hydrogen Sulphide Alleviates Senescence of Human Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells by TRPV4 Channel Mediated Calcium Flux.

Objective: To explore whether hydrogen sulphide (H2S) could protect human periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) from senescence and the possible underlying mechanisms.

Methods: Cell cycle assay and Ki-67 assay were used to measure proliferation of PDLSCs. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to measure cellular senescence-related p16 and p21.

Stem Cells From Human Exfoliated Deciduous Teeth Alleviate Liver Cirrhosis Inhibition of Gasdermin D-Executed Hepatocyte Pyroptosis.

Liver cirrhosis represents a type of end-stage liver disease with few effective therapies, which was characterized by damaged functional liver tissue due to long-term inflammation. Gasdermin D (GSDMD)-executed programmed necrosis is reported to be involved in inflammation. However, the role of GSDMD in liver cirrhosis remains unclear.

Association of Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy with Vitamin D Levels Depends on Vitamin D Status.

BACKGROUND Vitamin D deficiency has been reported to be associated with diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN). Our objective here was to evaluate the association between vitamin D levels and neuropathic symptoms in a Chinese population. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 4435 patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) were recruited in this cross-sectional study.

Stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth ameliorate concanavalin A-induced autoimmune hepatitis by protecting hepatocytes from apoptosis.

Background: Autoimmune hepatitis is a serious autoimmune liver disease that threatens human health worldwide, which emphasizes the urgent need to identify novel treatments. Stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED), which are easy to obtain in a non-invasive manner, show pronounced proliferative and immunomodulatory capacities.

Aim: To investigate the protective effects of SHED on concanavalin A (ConA)-induced hepatitis in mice, and to elucidate the associated regulatory mechanisms.

A homozygous G insertion in MPLKIP leads to TTDN1 with the hypergonadotropic hypogonadism symptom.

Background: Trichothiodystrophy nonphotosensitive 1 (TTDN1) is a disease with mental retardation, brittle hair. Some cases of the diseases are caused by mutations of the MPLKIP gene.

Methods: We carefully identified the clinic characteristics, the sulfur level and pattern of the hair shafts of a female patient of with the symptom of hypergonadotropic hypogonadism, and of her parents and brother whose are healthy.

High glucose upregulates CYP24A1 expression which attenuates the ability of 1,25(OH)2D3 to increase NGF secretion in a rat Schwann cell line RSC96.

Vitamin D deficiency or insufficiency is an independent risk factor for diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN), but the relationship between 1,25(OH)2D3 and DPN remains unknown. We found that 1,25(OH)2D3 stimulated the secretion of nerve growth factor (NGF) in rat Schwann cell line RSC96, but ability of 1,25(OH)2D3 to increase NGF protein was impaired under high glucose conditions. High glucose upregulated the expression of CYP24A1 protein, which catalyzes the conversion of 1,25(OH)2D3 into inactive products, further impairing the ability of 1,25(OH)2D3 to upregulate NGF secretion in Schwann cells.