Exploring the association of physical activity on cognitive function in older adults from observational and genetic insights: a combined NHANES and Mendelian randomization study.

Background: Cognitive function () deterioration is a pressing concern in geriatric research. This study aimed to explore the relationship between physical activity (PA) and in older adults.

Methods: This study adopted a dual approach, employing both observational and genetic approaches through data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011-2014 and Mendelian Randomization (MR) analysis.

GLK transcription factors accompany ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL5 to orchestrate light-induced seedling development in Arabidopsis.

Light-induced de-etiolation is an important aspect of seedling photomorphogenesis. GOLDEN2 LIKE (GLK) transcriptional regulators are involved in chloroplast development, but to what extent they participate in photomorphogenesis is not clear. Here, we show that ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL5 (HY5) binds to GLK promoters to activate their expression, and also interacts with GLK proteins in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana).

Relationship Between Interoception and Autistic Traits: A Resting-State Functional Connectivity Study.

Interoception, the sense of the physiological condition of our body, is impaired in individuals with autism spectrum disorders. Evidence suggests that subclinical autistic traits are mild manifestations of autistic symptoms, present in the general population. We examined the resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) associating with interoception and autistic traits in 62 healthy young adults.

Reward motivation adaptation in people with negative schizotypal features: development of a novel behavioural paradigm and identifying its neural correlates using resting-state functional connectivity analysis.

Reward motivation in individuals with high levels of negative schizotypal traits (NS) has been found to be lower than that in their counterparts. But it is unclear that whether their reward motivation adaptively changes with external effort-reward ratio, and what resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) is associated with this change. Thirty-five individuals with high levels of NS and 44 individuals with low levels of NS were recruited.

Relationships between childhood trauma and dimensional schizotypy: A network analysis and replication.

Objectives: Childhood trauma (CT) has been found to increase the risk of developing schizophrenia and other psychiatric disorders. Little is known regarding the complex interplay between CT, subclinical psychotic, and affective symptoms in the general population. This cross-sectional study adopted network analysis to examine such a complex relationship.

Neural correlates of audiovisual speech synchrony perception and its relationship with autistic traits.

The anterior insula (AI) has the central role in coordinating attention and integrating information from multiple sensory modalities. AI dysfunction may contribute to both sensory and social impairments in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Little is known regarding the brain mechanisms that guide multisensory integration, and how such neural activity might be affected by autistic-like symptoms in the general population.

Protective effect of recombinant human brain natriuretic peptide against contrast-induced nephropathy in elderly acute myocardial infarction patients: A randomized controlled trial.

Background: Increasing reports have demonstrated that recombinant human brain natriuretic peptide (rhBNP) can improve acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and heart failure. However, whether it can improve renal function and decrease the risk of contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) in elderly AMI patients is still unclear.

Aim: To explore the effect of rhBNP on CIN in elderly AMI patients after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).

Characterizing emotion profiles in non-clinical population: A cluster analytical study.

Emotion processing and beliefs about pleasure can influence the development and severity of depressive symptoms. This cluster analysis study aimed to profile a large sample of college students using pleasure experience, emotion expression and regulation as well as beliefs about pleasure. We also aimed to validate the resultant clusters in terms of depressive symptoms.

Altered neural mechanism of social reward anticipation in individuals with schizophrenia and social anhedonia.

Altered social reward anticipation could be found in schizophrenia (SCZ) patients and individuals with high levels of social anhedonia (SA). However, few research investigated the putative neural processing for altered social reward anticipation in these populations on the SCZ spectrum. This study aimed to examine the underlying neural mechanisms of social reward anticipation in these populations.

Decoupling between hub-connected functional connectivity of the social brain network and real-world social network in individuals with social anhedonia.

Altered hub regions in brain network have been consistently reported in patients with schizophrenia. However, it is unclear whether similar altered hub regions of the brain would be exhibited in individuals with subclinical features of schizophrenia such as social anhedonia (SA). In this study, we examined the hub regions of resting-state social brain network (SBN) of 35 participants with SA and 50 healthy controls (HC).

Air exchange rate and pollutant dispersion inside compact urban street canyons with combined wind and thermal driven natural ventilations: Effects of non-uniform building heights and unstable thermal stratifications.

In the present work, a delicate CFD research of a multi-street canyon model with varying thermal stratifications and non-uniformities of buildings was conducted to investigate the street ventilation and pollutant dispersion between the compact urban blocks. Non-isothermal turbulent wind flow, temperature field and pollutant dispersion in a two-dimensional computational domain were solved by the Renormalization Group (RNG) k-ε turbulence model along with the enhanced wall treatment. Present numerical results indicated that the variation of ground heating intensity has a significant influence on the airflow pattern in the step-down case, and the distribution of pollutants in the street canyons mainly depends on the variation of the upper clockwise vortex.

Red fluorescent AIEgens based multifunctional nonviral gene vectors for the efficient combination of gene therapy and photodynamic therapy in anti-cancer.

Precise molecular engineering of AIEgens-based cationic delivery systems for high transfection efficiency (TE) and effective photodynamic therapy (PDT) holds a huge potential for cancer treatment. Herein, three amphiphiles (DT-C-M) consisting of di(triazole-[12]aneN) (M) and 1,1-dicyano-2-phenyl-2-(4-diphenylamino)phenyl-ethylene (DT) units have been developed to achieve luminescent tracking, efficient TE, and effective PDT in vitro and in vivo. These compounds exhibited strong aggregated induced emission (AIE) at 630 nm and mega Stokes shifts of up to 160 nm.

Negative schizotypal traits predict the reduction of reward motivation in effort-reward imbalance.

The schizotypy construct is useful for studying the effects of environmental stress on development of subclinical negative symptoms. The relationship among self-report motivation, effort-reward imbalance (ERI), and schizotypal features has seldom been studied. We aimed to examine the possible moderation effect of schizotypal traits on ERI and reward motivation.

Combination of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin and matrix metalloproteinase-9 are biomarkers for the detection of colon tubular adenocarcinoma.

Background: Tubular adenocarcinoma of the colon, which originates from the epithelium of the glands, is a major health concern worldwide. However, it is difficult to detect at an early stage. The lack of biomarkers is a main barrier to the diagnosis and treatment of tubular adenocarcinoma.

Hub-connected functional connectivity within social brain network weakens the association with real-life social network in schizophrenia patients.

Hubs in the brain network are the regions with high centrality and are crucial in the network communication and information integration. Patients with schizophrenia (SCZ) exhibit wide range of abnormality in the hub regions and their connected functional connectivity (FC) at the whole-brain network level. Study of the hubs in the brain networks supporting complex social behavior (social brain network, SBN) would contribute to understand the social dysfunction in patients with SCZ.

Expression of caveolin family proteins in serum of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.

Objectives: Caveolin family proteins, including caveolin-1 (Cav-1), caveolin-2 (Cav-2), and caveolin-3 (Cav-3), are identified as the principal protein components of caveolae in mammalian cells. Circulating form of caveolin family proteins can be used as a good potential biomarker for predicting disease.

Methods: To investigate the clinical significance of the serological levels of caveolin family proteins in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), we evaluated the soluble serum levels of caveolin family proteins in patients with SLE by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and assessed their associations with various known clinical variables.

Social brain network predicts real-world social network in individuals with social anhedonia.

Social anhedonia (SA) impairs social functioning in schizophrenia. Previous evidence suggested that certain brain regions predict longitudinal change of real-world social outcomes, yet previous study designs have failed to capture the corresponding functional connectivity among the brain regions involved. This study measured the real-world social network in 22 pairs of individuals with high and low levels of SA, and followed up them for 21 months.

Altered empathy-related resting-state functional connectivity in patients with bipolar disorder.

Empathy is the ability to generate emotional responses (i.e., cognitive empathy) and to make cognitive inferences (i.

A network analysis of interoception, self-awareness, empathy, alexithymia, and autistic traits.

Altered interoception has been consistently found in people with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and this impairment may contribute to social cognitive dysfunctions. However, little is known regarding the intercorrelations between interoceptive sensibility, autistic, alexithymic, empathic, and self-related traits. We recruited 1360 non-clinical college students and adults to investigate the complex inter-relationship between these variables using network analysis.

Convergent validity of the Chinese version of the Multidimensional Schizotypy Scale.

Schizotypy is the latent personality reflecting the liability to schizophrenia. The Multidimensional Schizotypy Scale (MSS) is a newly developed questionnaire to measure the levels of schizotypy. The Chinese version of MSS has been developed and previous findings supported its structure validity.

Validation of the Questionnaire of Cognitive and Affective Empathy in patients with schizophrenia, major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder.

Introduction: Alteration of empathy is common in patients with psychiatric disorders. Reliable and valid assessment tools for measuring empathy of clinical samples is needed. The Questionnaire of Cognitive and Affective Empathy (QCAE) is a newly-developed instrument to capture cognitive and affective components of empathy.

Altered default mode network functional connectivity in individuals with co-occurrence of schizotypy and obsessive-compulsive traits.

In this study, we examined differences in resting-state functional connectivity between sub-regions of the Default Mode Network (DMN) and whole brain voxels in 22 individuals with high schizo-obsessive traits (SOT), 30 with high schizotypal traits (SCT) alone, 20 with high obsessive-compulsive traits (OCT) alone and 30 with low trait scores (LT). We found that the SOT group showed the most reduced functional connectivity within the DMN compared with the other groups. The SOT group also showed increased connectivity between the DMN and the Salience Network, and between the DMN and the Auditory Network compared with the LT group.