Shared and Unique Neural Codes for Biological Motion Perception in Humans and Macaque Monkeys.

Throughout evolution, living organisms have honed the ability to swiftly recognize biological motion (BM) across species. However, how the brain processes within- and cross-species BM, and the evolutionary progression of these processes, remain unclear. To investigate these questions, the current study examined brain activity in the lateral temporal areas of humans and monkeys as they passively observed upright and inverted human and macaque BM stimuli.

Incorporating changeable attitudes toward vaccination into compartment models for infectious diseases.

We develop a mechanistic model that classifies individuals both in terms of epidemiological status (SIR) and vaccination attitude (Willing or Unwilling/Unable), with the goal of discovering how disease spread is influenced by changing opinions about vaccination. Analysis of the model identifies the existence and stability criteria for both disease-free and endemic disease equilibria. The analytical results, supported by numerical simulations, show that attitude changes induced by disease prevalence can destabilize endemic disease equilibria, resulting in limit cycles.

Exploration of working memory retrieval stage for mild cognitive impairment: time-varying causality analysis of electroencephalogram based on dynamic brain networks.

Background: Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) is an intermediate stage between the expected cognitive decline of normal aging and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Its management is crucial for it helps intervene and slow the progression of cognitive decline to AD. However, the understanding of the MCI mechanism is not completely clear.

Comprehensive insights into the mechanism of flavor formation in mandarin fish (Siniperca chuatsi) with inoculated fermentation.

The inoculated fermentation is an effective way to shorten fermentation time and improve the flavor quality in fermented food. Therefore, this work aims to analyze the difference between traditional and inoculated fermentation, and explore the mechanism of flavor formation in mandarin fish during fermentation. Results showed that a total of 67 volatile compounds were detected, and 13 key flavor compounds were identified in fermented mandarin fish.

Optimal trajectory for the anterior occipital condyle screw.

ObjectiveThis study aimed to assess the practicality and optimal approach for inserting an anterior occipital condyle screw, as well as to measure the screw placement characteristics.MethodsA total of 80 normal head and cervical spine computed tomography scans (40 males/40 females) were used to construct three-dimensional models. The average age of the participants was 45.

A Novel Coating-Extrusion Method Enabled, High Energy, Power Density, and Scalable Production in Monolithically Integrated Energy Storage Fibers.

The rise of wearable electronics demands flexible energy storage solutions like flexible fiber energy storage devices (FESDs), known for their flexibility and portability. However, it remains difficult for existing fabrication methods (typically, finite-coating, thermal-drawing, and solution-extrusion) to simultaneously achieve desirable electrochemical performances and fast production of FESDs. Here, a new scalable coating-extrusion method is developed, utilizing a novel extruded spinneret with tapered apertures to create dual pressure zones.

Bacteroides fragilis Toxin Suppresses METTL3-Mediated m6A Modification in Macrophage to Promote Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

Background And Aims: Bacteroides fragilis toxin (BFT), produced by enterotoxigenic B. fragilis (ETBF), is crucial for ETBF-induced colitis. This study aims to investigate the impact of BFT-host interactions on N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification of host mRNA and its underlying mechanisms.

Machine Learning Models With Prognostic Implications for Predicting Gastrointestinal Bleeding After Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting and Guiding Personalized Medicine: Multicenter Cohort Study.

Background: Gastrointestinal bleeding is a serious adverse event of coronary artery bypass grafting and lacks tailored risk assessment tools for personalized prevention.

Objective: This study aims to develop and validate predictive models to assess the risk of gastrointestinal bleeding after coronary artery bypass grafting (GIBCG) and to guide personalized prevention.

Methods: Participants were recruited from 4 medical centers, including a prospective cohort and the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care IV (MIMIC-IV) database.

Exploring cadmium uptake pathways in the roots of Coptis chinensis Franch.

To investigate the cadmium (Cd) uptake mechanism in the roots of Coptis chinensis Franch., we utilized non-invasive micro-test technology (NMT) to analyze Cd and H fluxes, alongside ICP-MS to assess Cd content and fluxes under various inhibitors and ion channel blockers. Results revealed that Cd uptake primarily occurs in the root meristematic zone.

Functional Connectivity of Salience Network Predicts Treatment Outcome for rTMS in Mild Cognitive Impairment.

Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has been proved a potential therapeutic approach for improving the cognitive performance of patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). However, no biomarker is available for identifying who is most likely to respond to rTMS. The purpose of this study was to demonstrate that cognitive improvement after rTMS may be associated with functional connectivity of salience network at baseline.

Multiview Deep Learning-Based Molecule Design and Structural Optimization Accelerates Inhibitor Discover.

In this work, we propose MEDICO, a multiview deep generative model for molecule generation, structural optimization, and the SARS-CoV-2 inhibitor discovery. To the best of our knowledge, MEDICO is the first-of-this-kind graph generative model that can generate molecular graphs similar to the structure of targeted molecules, with a multiview representation learning framework to sufficiently and adaptively learn comprehensive structural semantics from targeted molecular topology and geometry. We show that our MEDICO significantly outperforms the state-of-the-art methods in generating valid, novel, and unique molecules under benchmarking comparisons, particularly achieving ˜85% improvement compared with the state-of-the-art methods in terms of validity.

Immunogenic Cell Death: the Key to Unlocking the Potential for Combined Radiation and Immunotherapy.

Immunogenic cell death (ICD) enhances anti-tumor immunity by releasing tumor-associated antigens and activating the anti-tumor immune system response. However, its potential remains understudied in combination therapies. Here, we develop a mathematical model to quantify the role of ICD in optimizing the efficacy of combined radiotherapy (RT) and macrophage-based immunotherapy.

Contribution of phosphorylation modification by sodium tripolyphosphate to the functional properties of hollow zein nanoparticles.

In this study, hollow zein nanoparticles (HZn) have been prepared by NaCO as a sacrificial template, and phosphorylated hollow zein nanoparticles (PHZn) have been further prepared with sodium tripolyphosphate (STP) incorporation. The results indicated that HZn exhibited a smaller particle size in comparison to solid zein nanoparticles (SZn), which consequently led to a higher degree of phosphorylation for HZn when equivalent amounts of STP were incorporated. As phosphorylation increased, the zeta potential, free amino content, and free sulfhydryl content of HZn decreased, attaining the lowest values of -53.

The INO80 Chromatin Remodeling Complex Regulates Histone H2A.Z Mobility and the G1-S Transition in Oligodendrocyte Precursors.

Chromatin remodeling complexes (CRCs) participate in oligodendrocyte (OL) differentiation, survival, and maintenance. We asked whether CRCs also control the proliferation of OL precursors (OPs)-focusing on the INO80 complex, which is known to regulate the proliferation of a variety of other cell types during development and disease. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated inactivation of Ino80 in vitro, or Cre-mediated deletion in vivo, slowed the OP cell cycle substantially by prolonging G1.

EPHB2 Promotes the Progression of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cells Through the Activation of VPS4A-Mediated Autophagy.

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a prevalent type of head and neck neoplasm distinguished by a high risk of metastasis and a poor prognosis. Nevertheless, the fundamental mechanisms of OSCC cell proliferation and metastasis remain poorly understood. Autophagy, as the principal intracellular degradation system, has been implicated in OSCC progression; however, its underlying mechanism remains unclear.

Development and evaluation of USCnet: an AI-based model for preoperative prediction of infectious and non-infectious urolithiasis.

Background: Urolithiasis, a prevalent condition characterized by a high rate of incidence and recurrence, necessitates accurate preoperative diagnostic methods to determine stone composition for effective clinical management. Current diagnostic practices, reliant on postoperative specimen analysis, often fail to facilitate timely and precise therapeutic decisions, leading to suboptimal clinical outcomes. This study introduces an artificial intelligence model developed to predict infectious and non-infectious urolithiasis preoperatively using clinical data and CT imaging.

Constructing Artificial Zincophilic Interphases Based on Indium-Organic Frameworks as Zinc Dendrite Constraint for Rechargeable Zinc-Air Battery.

The practical application of zinc (Zn)-air batteries is largely restricted by their inferior cyclability, especially under fast-charging conditions. Uneven Zn plating and dendrite formation result in their short circuits. In this work, an artificial solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) is constructed using indium-organic frameworks (IOF) on the Zn anode.

An infrared-transparent textile with high drawing processed Nylon 6 nanofibers.

Infrared (IR)-transparent radiative cooling textiles show great promise for achieving personal thermal comfort and reducing energy consumption. However, besides a few synthetic fiber materials proposed as IR-transparent textiles, traditional textile materials used to achieve IR transparency have not been realized, impeding large-scale practical applications. Here, based on a common textile material Nylon 6 (PA6), we design a high drawing process with rapid solvent evaporation to achieve IR-transparent PA6 textiles.

A Trimming-π Strategy for Constructing Functional Conductive Metal-Organic Frameworks Using Metalloporphyrazine Units.

Developing functional metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) with high electrical conductivity is crucial for their applications as advanced electronic materials. In this work, we for the first time construct a new family of functional and highly conductive MOFs using metalloporphyrazine (MPz) ligands based on a trimming-π concept via cutting the benzene ring from molecular metallopthalocynine (MPc). The deprotonation-after-coordination synthetic method affords crystalline MPz-Cu-NH MOFs with square lattices.

Effect of vertebral kyphoplasty versus vertebroplasty on pain and indicators of imaging parameters of the injured vertebrae in patients with osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures: a meta-analysis.

Objective: To systematically evaluate the effects of vertebroplasty (VP) and kyphoplasty (KP) on pain and spinal imaging parameters in patients with osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (OVCF).

Methods: A comprehensive search of eight databases was conducted from inception to November 2024 to identify randomised controlled trials (RCTs) published in Chinese and English. Eligible studies included clinical RCTs comparing KP and VP in patients with OVCF, assessing vertebral pain and imaging parameters.

Efficient cell-wide mapping of mitochondria in electron microscopic volumes using webKnossos.

Recent technical advances in volume electron microscopy (vEM) and artificial-intelligence-assisted image processing have facilitated high-throughput quantifications of cellular structures, such as mitochondria, that are ubiquitous and morphologically diversified. A still often-overlooked computational challenge is to assign a cell identity to numerous mitochondrial instances, for which both mitochondrial and cell membrane contouring used to be required. Here, we present a vEM reconstruction procedure (called mito-SegEM) that utilizes virtual-path-based annotation to assign automatically segmented mitochondrial instances at the cellular scale, therefore bypassing the requirement of membrane contouring.

The Role of Placental MFF-Mediated Mitochondrial Fission in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus.

Introduction: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) refers to hyperglycemia first recognized during pregnancy, characterized by decreased insulin sensitivity and impaired glucose metabolism. Dynamic fusion and fission processes within mitochondria play critical roles in maintaining glucose metabolism homeostasis. Given the fundamental role of mitochondrial fission factor (MFF) in mitochondrial fission, the intention of this study was to investigate mitochondrial dynamics in the placentae of GDM patients and explore the role of MFF in the etiopathogenesis and progression of GDM through the modulation of glucose metabolism and insulin resistance.

Autoantibody Profiles and Prognostic Significance in Severe Fever With Thrombocytopenia Syndrome (SFTS) Patients.

To examine the relationship between autoantibodies, inflammatory cytokines, and coagulation abnormalities in patients with severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) and assess their potential as prognostic markers. A total of 105 SFTS patients and 85 healthy controls (HCs) were included. Serum levels of antinuclear antibodies (ANAs), anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCAs), anti-endothelial cell antibodies (AECAs), antiphospholipid antibodies (aPLs), as well as inflammatory cytokines and chemokines were measured to evaluate their correlation with prognosis.

Decoding the structural basis of ligand recognition and biased signaling in the motilin receptor.

The motilin receptor (MTLR) is a key target for treating gastrointestinal (GI) disorders like gastroparesis, yet developing effective agonists remains challenging due to drug tolerance and signaling bias. We present cryoelectron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures of MTLR bound to azithromycin, a macrolide antibiotic, and DS-3801b, a non-macrolide agonist. Distinct ligand recognition mechanisms are revealed, with azithromycin binding deeply within the orthosteric pocket and DS-3801b adopting a special clamp-like conformation stabilized by a water molecule.

CircITSN2-miR-17-5p/20a-5p/20b-5p- regulatory network is a potential molecular mechanism of gene involving in immune response to IBDV.

gene is correlated with IBDV immune response in chickens. is a key gene regulating the immune functions of the heart, lung, and proventriculus.CircITSN2-miR-17-5p/20a-5p/20b-5p- is a potential mechanism in IBDV immunity.