Integrating Ultrabright Polymer Dots and Stereo NIR-II Imager for Assessing Anti-Angiogenic Drugs in Oral Cancer Model.

The development of efficient platforms for the evaluation of anti-angiogenic agents is critical in advancing cancer therapeutics. In this study, we exploited an ultrabright semiconducting polymer dots (Pdots) integrating with a three-dimensional (3D) near-infrared-II (NIR-II) fluorescence imaging system designed to assess the efficacy of potent anti-angiogenic agents PX-478 and BPR0C261 in an oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) tumour model, which depends on angiogenesis for dissemination. PX-478, a hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) inhibitor, and BPR0C261, a microtubule-disrupting agent, were administrated into tumour-bearing mice established using murine MTCQ1 tongue cancer cells through intraperitoneal injection and oral gavage, respectively.

Ultrabright Dibenzofluoran-Based Polymer Dots with NIR-IIa Emission Maxima and Unusual Large Stokes Shifts for 3D Rotational Stereo Imaging.

Emerging organic molecules with emissions in the second near-infrared (NIR-II) region are garnering significant attention. Unfortunately, achieving accountable organic emission intensity over the NIR-IIa (1300 nm) region faces challenges due to the intrinsic energy gap law. Up to the current stage, all reported organic NIR-IIa emitters belong to polymethine-based dyes with small Stokes shifts (<50 nm) and low quantum yield (QY; ≤0.

The Emergence of Tumor-Initiating Cells in an Advanced Hypopharyngeal Tumor Model Exhibits Enhanced Angiogenesis and Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-Related Factor 2-Associated Antioxidant Effects.

Hypopharyngeal cancer (HPC) is associated with the worst prognosis of all head and neck cancers and is typically identified in an advanced stage at the time of diagnosis. While oxidative stress might contribute to the onset of HPC in patients using tobacco or alcohol, the extent of this influence and the characteristics of HPC cells in advanced stage remain to be investigated. In this study, we explored whether HPC cells survived from necrotic xenograft tumors at late stage would display increased tumor resistance along with altered tolerance to oxidative stress.

Realization of NIR-II 3D whole-body contour and tumor blood vessels imaging in small animals using rotational stereo vision technique.

Significance: Optical imaging in the second near-infrared (NIR-II, 1000 to 1700 nm) region is capable of deep tumor vascular imaging due to low light scattering and low autofluorescence. Non-invasive real-time NIR-II fluorescence imaging is instrumental in monitoring tumor status.

Aim: Our aim is to develop an NIR-II fluorescence rotational stereo imaging system for 360-deg three-dimensional (3D) imaging of whole-body blood vessels, tumor vessels, and 3D contour of mice.

Rational Design of Asymmetric Polymethines to Attain NIR(II) Bioimaging at >1100 nm.

Organic molecules having emission in the NIR(II) region are emergent and receiving enormous attention. Unfortunately, attaining accountable organic emission intensity around the NIR(II) region is hampered by the dominant internal conversion operated by the energy gap law, where the emission energy gap and the associated internal reorganization energy λ play key roles. Up to the current stage, the majority of the reported organic NIR(II) emitters belong to those polymethines terminated by two symmetric chromophores.

BPR0C261, An Analogous of Microtubule Disrupting Agent D-24851 Enhances the Radiosensitivity of Human Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells via p53-Dependent and p53-Independent Pathways.

(1) Destabilization of microtubule dynamics is a primary strategy to inhibit fast growing tumor cells. The low cytotoxic derivative of microtubule inhibitor D-24851, named BPR0C261 exhibits antitumor activity via oral administration. In this study, we investigated if BPR0C261 could modulate the radiation response of human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells with or without p53 expression.

TADF-based NIR-II semiconducting polymer dots for 3D bone imaging.

Intraoperative fluorescence imaging in the second near-infrared (NIR-II) region heralds a new era in image-guided surgery since the success in the first-in-human liver-tumor surgery guided by NIR-II fluorescence. Limited by the conventional small organic NIR dyes such as FDA-approved indocyanine green with suboptimal NIR-II fluorescence and non-targeting ability, the resulting shallow penetration depth and high false positive diagnostic values have been challenging. Described here is the design of NIR-II emissive semiconducting polymer dots (Pdots) incorporated with thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) moieties to exhibit emission maxima of 1064-1100 nm and fluorescence quantum yields of 0.

Evaluation of the Key Advantages between Two Modalities of Boronophenylalanine Administration for Clinical Boron Neutron Capture Therapy Using an Animal Model.

In clinical boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT), boronophenylalanine (BPA) administrations through one-step infusion (OSI) and two-step infusion (TSI) are the most widely used. This study compared the advantages of OSI and TSI using a human oral squamous cell carcinoma-bearing animal model. OSI was administered at a high-dose rate of 20 mg/kg/min for 20 min (total dose: 400 mg/kg) as the first step infusion.

Development of Stereo NIR-II Fluorescence Imaging System for 3D Tumor Vasculature in Small Animals.

Near-infrared-II (NIR-II, 1000-1700 nm) fluorescence imaging boasts high spatial resolution and deep tissue penetration due to low light scattering, reduced photon absorption, and low tissue autofluorescence. NIR-II biological imaging is applied mainly in the noninvasive visualization of blood vessels and tumors in deep tissue. In the study, a stereo NIR-II fluorescence imaging system was developed for acquiring three-dimension (3D) images on tumor vasculature in real-time, on top of the development of fluorescent semiconducting polymer dots (IR-TPE Pdots) with ultra-bright NIR-II fluorescence (1000-1400 nm) and high stability to perform long-term fluorescence imaging.

Aldolase A and Phospholipase D1 Synergistically Resist Alkylating Agents and Radiation in Lung Cancer.

Exposure to alkylating agents and radiation may cause damage and apoptosis in cancer cells. Meanwhile, this exposure involves resistance and leads to metabolic reprogramming to benefit cancer cells. At present, the detailed mechanism is still unclear.

Brachytherapy Approach Using Lu Conjugated Gold Nanostars and Evaluation of Biodistribution, Tumor Retention, Dosimetry and Therapeutic Efficacy in Head and Neck Tumor Model.

Brachytherapy can provide sufficient doses to head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) with minimal damage to nearby normal tissues. In this study, the β-emitter Lu was conjugated to DTPA-polyethylene glycol (PEG) decorated gold nanostars (Lu-DTPA-pAuNS) used in surface-enhanced Raman scattering and photothermal therapy (PTT). The accumulation and therapeutic efficacy of Lu-DTPA-pAuNS were compared with those of Lu-DTPA on an orthotopic HNSCC tumor model.

OncomiR miR-182-5p Enhances Radiosensitivity by Inhibiting the Radiation-Induced Antioxidant Effect through SESN2 in Head and Neck Cancer.

Radiotherapy is routinely used for the treatment of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). However, the therapeutic efficacy is usually reduced by acquired radioresistance and locoregional recurrence. In this study, The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) analysis showed that radiotherapy upregulated the miR-182/96/183 cluster and that miR-182 was the most significantly upregulated.

Involvement of c-Myc in low dose radiation-induced senescence enhanced migration and invasion of unirradiated cancer cells.

Ionizing radiation is known to cause cell apoptosis at high dose range, but little is known about the cellular response to low dose radiation. In this study, we found that conditioned medium harvested from WI-38 lung fibroblasts and H1299 lung adenocarcinoma cells exposed to 0.1Gy to 1Gy could enhance the migration and invasion of unirradiated H1299 cells in both 2D and 3D culturing circumstances.

Molecular Design of Ultrabright Semiconducting Polymer Dots with High NIR-II Fluorescence for 3D Tumor Mapping.

Fluorescence probes emitting in the second near-infrared (NIR-II, 1000-1700 nm) window with the ability for deep-tissue imaging in mammals herald a new era in surgical methodology. However, the brightness of these NIR-II probes is still far from satisfactory due to their low fluorescence quantum yields (QYs), preventing the observation of high-resolution images such as whole-organ vascular networks in real time. Described here is the molecular engineering of a series of semiconducting polymer dots (Pdots) incorporated with aggregation-induced emission moieties to exhibit the QYs as high as 14% in the NIR-II window.

Up-regulation of cofilin-1 in cell senescence associates with morphological change and p27 -mediated growth delay.

Morphological change is an explicit characteristic of cell senescence, but the underlying mechanisms remains to be addressed. Here, we demonstrated, after a survey of various actin-binding proteins, that the post-translational up-regulation of cofilin-1 was essential for the reduced rate of actin depolymerization morphological enlargement in senescent cells. Additionally, up-regulated cofilin-1 mainly existed in the serine-3 phosphorylated form, according to the 2D gel immunoblotting assay.

Involvement of 8-O-acetylharpagide for Ajuga taiwanensis mediated suppression of senescent phenotypes in human dermal fibroblasts.

Herbal medicines are attractive agents for human care. In this study, we found that the alcohol extract of Ajuga taiwanensis (ATE) screened from a chemical bank exhibited potent capacity for suppressing senescence associated biomarkers, including SA-β-gal and up-regulated p53 in old human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) without induction of significant cytotoxicity up to 100 µg/ml. Concomitantly, cells re-entered the cell cycle by reducing G1 phase arrest and increasing cell growth rate.

Traditional Herbal Medicine Mediated Regulations during Head and Neck Carcinogenesis.

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is one of the most prevalent neoplasms worldwide. It is well recognized that environmental challenges such as smoking, viral infection and alcohol consumption are key factors underlying HNSCC pathogenesis. Other than major clinical interventions (e.

Involvement of Differentially Expressed microRNAs in the PEGylated Liposome Encapsulated Rhenium-Mediated Suppression of Orthotopic Hypopharyngeal Tumor.

Hypopharyngeal cancer (HPC) accounts for the lowest survival rate among all types of head and neck cancers (HNSCC). However, the therapeutic approach for HPC still needs to be investigated. In this study, a theranostic Re-liposome was prepared to treat orthotopic HPC tumors and analyze the deregulated microRNA expressive profiles.

-Dihydrogalactochitosan Potentiates the Radiosensitivity of Liver Metastatic Tumor Cells Originated from Murine Breast Tumors.

Radiation is a widely used therapeutic method for treating breast cancer. -dihydrogalactochitosan (GC), a biocompatible immunostimulant, is known to enhance the effects of various treatment modalities in different tumor types. However, whether GC can enhance the radiosensitivity of cancer cells remains to be explored.

Comparison of cofilin‑1 and Twist‑1 protein expression in human non‑small cell lung cancer tissues.

Metastasis is the primary cause of mortality in patients with non‑small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Actin cytoskeletal reorganization is usually accompanied by the epithelial‑mesenchymal transition (EMT)‑induced invasion and metastasis of cancer cells. In the present study, expression levels of the actin‑associated protein cofilin‑1 and of the pivotal EMT molecule Twist‑1 were determined in NSCLC tissues.

Evaluation of the Biological Behavior of a Gold Nanocore-Encapsulated Human Serum Albumin Nanoparticle (Au@HSANP) in a CT-26 Tumor/Ascites Mouse Model after Intravenous/Intraperitoneal Administration.

Colorectal cancer is one of the major causes of cancer-related death in Taiwan and worldwide. Patients with peritoneal metastasis from colorectal cancer have reduced overall survival and poor prognosis. Hybrid protein-inorganic nanoparticle systems have displayed multifunctional applications in solid cancer theranostics.

PEGylated liposome-encapsulated rhenium-188 radiopharmaceutical inhibits proliferation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition of human head and neck cancer cells in vivo with repeated therapy.

Human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is usually treated with chemoradiotherapy, but the therapeutic efficacy could be hampered by intrinsic radioresistance and early relapse. Repeated administrations of rhenium-188 (Re)-conjugated radiopharmaceutical has been reported to escalate the radiation doses for better control of advanced human cancers. Here we found that high dosage of Re-liposome, the liposome-encapsulated Re nanoparticles exhibited significant killing effects on HNSCC FaDu cells and SAS cells but not on OECM-1 cells.

Arsenic trioxide-mediated suppression of miR-182-5p is associated with potent anti-oxidant effects through up-regulation of .

Arsenic trioxide (ATO) is a traditional Chinese medicine that can induce oxidative stress for treatment of cancer cells. However, ATO may generate anti-oxidative responses to compromise the cytotoxic effect, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here we found that ATO could inhibit miR-182-5p expression in patient-derived primary S1 glioblastoma (GBM) cells accompanied by up-regulation of Sestrin-2 () mRNA, a known anti-oxidant molecule.

Association between MDM2-SNP309 and p53R72P polymorphisms and the risk of bladder cancer in the Mongolian population.

The current study aims to investigate whether MDM2-SNP309 and p53R72P polymorphisms were associated with the risk of bladder cancer in Mongolian populations. These polymorphisms were evaluated in 79 controls and 63 bladder cancer cases using a PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism assay, followed by analysis using multivariate logistic regression model and the Kaplan-Meier model to determine the odds ratio (OR) and age at onset of bladder cancer, respectively. The results revealed that the homozygous (G/G) genotype of MDM2-SNP309 increased the risk of bladder cancer compared to the wild-type (T/T) genotype [OR=1.

Combination of Radiofrequency Ablation and Glycated Chitosan as Treatment on a Syngeneic Breast Tumor Model.

Aim: Effects of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) combining immunoadjuvant glycated chitosan (GC) on tumor control and potent cytokine responses were investigated in a syngeneic breast tumor model.

Materials And Methods: Murine 4T1 breast carcinoma cells harboring the luciferase reporter gene were used to evaluate the tumor growth rate and metastasis in vivo using bioluminescent imaging. Plasma of RFA/GC-treated tumor-bearing mice was collected for ex vivo cytotoxicity analysis and mouse chemokine array assays.