Optimized growth of dendritic Au nanostructures with multi-cross-linked glucose oxidase for highly catalytic activity of salivary glucose.

We aim to develop a system that prominently features glucose oxidase (GOx) as the catalyst, integrated with a dendritic Au nanostructures electrode as the core component. The dendritic Au (DenAu) nanostructures are optimally electro-deposited on a flexible substrate without the use of any surfactant, template, or stabilizer, demonstrating their potential through highly sensitive flexible glucose sensor application. To determine the optimal condition for the growth of dendritic Au nanostructures, we meticulously investigated the concentration of the precursor, deposition potential/time, and stirring rate.

Electrodeposited reduced graphene oxide-PEDOT:PSS/Nafion hybrid interface for the simultaneous determination of dopamine and serotonin.

The electrochemically deposited reduced graphene oxide-PEDOT:PSS/Nafion (rGO-PP/NF) hybrid material has provided a favorable interface for the simultaneous detection of dopamine (DA) and serotonin (5-HT). The rGO-PP/NF onto the Au seed layer of the flexible substrate was simple, and it was followed by the sequential electrophoretic deposition of GO, reduction at the optimal pH buffer media, electropolymerization of EDOT:PSS, and Nafion coating. The strong electron-transport capacity between rGO-PEDOT:PSS and the negatively charged Nafion matrix might allow the highly sensitive, simultaneous, and selective detection of DA and 5-HT due to its high affinity for cations.

Vibroacoustic Characteristics of a Specific Patterned Polymer with Graphene for an Electrostatic Speaker.

Graphene/polymer actuators were developed using bilayer graphene and various polymer substrates for use as transparent, flexible, and robust electrostatic speaker units. Additionally, a resonant frequency shift was induced using a polymer substrate on which various micropatterns were transferred to boost bass. The total sound pressure level (SPL) in the graphene/polymer actuator was measured by a sweep, and the frequency of the spectrum was confirmed to be one-third that of the octave band frequency.

Flexible sensor with electrophoretic polymerized graphene oxide/PEDOT:PSS composite for voltammetric determination of dopamine concentration.

We demonstrate a novel, flexible sensor with graphene oxide/PEDOT:PSS (GO/PEDOT:PSS) composite for voltammetric determination of selective low levels of dopamine. The well-distributed GO and EDOT:PSS suspension in water were deposited simply and polymerized. Consequently, the EDOT:PSS provided a strong interaction between GO and PEDOT:PSS, and it also had well-tailored interfacial properties that allowed the highly selective and sensitive determination of DA.

Uterosacral Nerve Stimulation via Cuff Electrode: A Preliminary Animal Study for Potential Application to Treatment of Preterm Labor.

Preterm labor occurs in about 12% of all pregnancies, accounting for at least 75% of neonatal deaths. The neonatal outcomes depend on mainly the gestational age at delivery. The lower the gestational age, the higher the risk of morbidity and mortality.

Biological assessments of multifunctional hydrogel-decorated implantable neural cuff electrode for clinical neurology application.

The implantable cuff electrode is an effective neuroprosthetic device in current nerve tissue engineering. However, biocompatibility and stability are still a serious dispute in terms of in vivo function and continuous monitoring. In this regard, assessing the host's biological response to biomaterials is one of the key factors of chronic implantation.

Flexible and Highly Biocompatible Nanofiber-Based Electrodes for Neural Surface Interfacing.

Polyimide (PI)-based electrodes have been widely used as flexible biosensors in implantable device applications for recording biological signals. However, the long-term quality of neural signals obtained from PI-based nerve electrodes tends to decrease due to nerve damage by neural tissue compression, mechanical mismatch, and insufficient fluid exchange between the neural tissue and electrodes. Here, we resolve these problems with a developed PI nanofiber (NF)-based nerve electrode for stable neural signal recording, which can be fabricated via electrospinning and inkjet printing.

Biofunctionalization of Nerve Interface via Biocompatible Polymer-Roughened Pt Black on Cuff Electrode for Chronic Recording.

Peripheral nerve cuff electrodes with roughened Pt black (BPt) are coated with polyethylene glycol (PEG) and Nafion (NF). Although the influence of coated PEG and Nafion on roughened BPt on the electrical properties is weak, the cuff electrode with BPt/PEG and BPt/Nafion exhibits some very important properties. For example, it markedly decreases interfacial impedance, increases charge storage capacity (CSC) due to retaining the BPt surface structure, good stability without exfoliation in repetitive cyclic voltammetry scanning because it is protected by PEG or Nafion coating.

Multifunctional hydrogel coatings on the surface of neural cuff electrode for improving electrode-nerve tissue interfaces.

Unlabelled: Recently, implantable neural electrodes have been developed for recording and stimulation of the nervous system. However, when the electrode is implanted onto the nerve trunk, the rigid polyimide has a risk of damaging the nerve and can also cause inflammation due to a mechanical mismatch between the stiff polyimide and the soft biological tissue. These processes can interrupt the transmission of nerve signaling.

Characterization of electroplated multilayered nanoporous platinum films for electrochemical sensor applications.

We newly fabricated and characterized the double layered nanoporous Pt (NPt) thin film on silicon substrate for enzyme-free glucose sensing applications. The surface morphologies of the fabricated NPt film were characterized using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). The fabricated NPt films exhibited highly dense nanopores with irregularly arranged grain boundaries and thicknesses of 0.

Highly selective and sensitive electrochemical detection of dopamine using a nafion coated hybrid macroporous gold modified electrode with platinum nanoparticles.

A coral-like macroporous Au electrode with electroplated Pt nanoparticles (hybrid macroporous Au-/nPts) coated with Nafion has been fabricated for the first time and used for highly selective and sensitive determination of dopamine (DA). The physically characterized results indicated that the electroplated Pt nanoparticles were dispersed uniformly on the macroporous Au electrode. The porosity and window pore size of the fabricated macroporous Au electrode were 50% and 100-300 nm, respectively.

Nonenzymatic free-cholesterol detection via a modified highly sensitive macroporous gold electrode with platinum nanoparticles.

A sensitive macroporous Au electrode with a highly rough surface obtained through the use of with Pt nanoparticles (macroporous Au-/nPts) is reported. It has been designed for nonenzymatic free-cholesterol biosensor applications. A macroporous Au-/nPts electrode was fabricated by electroplating Pt nanoparticles onto a coral-like shaped macroporous Au electrode structure.

Fabrication and Optimization of a Nanoporous Platinum Electrode and a Non-enzymatic Glucose Micro-sensor on Silicon.

In this paper, optimal conditions for fabrication of nanoporous platinum (Pt) were investigated in order to use it as a sensitive sensing electrode for silicon CMOS integrable non-enzymatic glucose micro-sensor applications. Applied charges, voltages, and temperatures were varied during the electroplating of Pt into the formed nonionic surfactant C16EO8 nano-scaled molds in order to fabricate nanoporous Pt electrodes with large surface roughness factor (RF), uniformity, and reproducibility. The fabricated nanoporous Pt electrodes were characterized using atomic force microscopy (AFM) and electrochemical cyclic voltammograms.