Antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory potential of Angelica dahurica and Rheum officinale extract accelerates wound healing in Staphylococcus aureus-infected wounds.

Wound infection is a serious clinical problem, and the most common infection-causing bacteria are Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Angelica dahurica and Rheum officinale extract (ARE) was reported to accelerate excisional wound healing in rats. In this study, we investigated the therapeutic effects of ARE on bacterial-infected wounds.

Effective Treatment of Bovine Mastitis with Intramammary Infusion of and Extracts.

Mastitis in dairy cattle is a highly prevalent infectious disease, causing considerable economic loss worldwide. In this study, we used and extracts (designated as Yi-Xiong-Tang, YXT) for mastitis treatment. California mastitis test (CMT) was performed and 67 mastitis udder quarters were identified among 179 lactating dairy cows.

Effects of and Extracts on Excisional Wound Healing in Rats.

The main objective of wound treatments is to restore the functional skin properties and prevent infection. Traditional Chinese medicine provides alternative anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and wound healing therapies. Both extract (AE) and extract (RE) possess antimicrobial activity.

Genomic Characterization of the Novel Aeromonas hydrophila Phage Ahp1 Suggests the Derivation of a New Subgroup from phiKMV-Like Family.

Aeromonas hydrophila is an opportunistic pathogenic bacterium causing diseases in human and fish. The emergence of multidrug-resistant A. hydrophila isolates has been increasing in recent years.

Genomic analysis of Staphylococcus phage Stau2 isolated from medical specimen.

Stau2 is a lytic myophage of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from medical specimen. Exhibiting a broad host range against S. aureus clinical isolates, Stau2 is potentially useful for topical phage therapy or as an additive in food preservation.

Complete Genome Sequence of Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris Strain 17 from Taiwan.

Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris 17 is a Gram-negative bacterium that is phytopathogenic to cruciferous plants in Taiwan. The 4,994,426-bp-long genome consists of 24 contigs with 4,050 protein-coding genes, 1 noncoding RNA (ncRNA) gene, 6 rRNA genes, and 55 tRNA genes.

Differential expression of catalases in Vibrio parahaemolyticus under various stress conditions.

Among antioxidant enzymes, catalases protect microorganisms by degrading hydrogen peroxide under oxidative stress. In this study, the activities of at least four Vibrio parahaemolyticus catalases (Kat1 to Kat4) were differentially detected during different growth stages and under various stress conditions using zymographic analysis. Our results showed that only Kat2 is stable at 55 °C.

Draft Genome Sequence of Vibrio owensii GRA50-12, Isolated from Green Algae in the Intertidal Zone of Eastern Taiwan.

Vibrio owensii GRA50-12 was isolated from symbiotic green algae of coral. The genome contains genes encoding toxin production, virulence regulation, stress response proteins, types II, IV, and VI secretion systems, and proteins for the metabolism of aromatic compounds, which reflects its pathogenic potential and its ecological roles in the ocean.

Contribution of Phe-7 to Tat-dependent export of β-lactamase in Xanthomonas campestris.

Strains of Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris isolated in Taiwan are commonly resistant to ampicillin owing to the constitutive expression of a chromosomally encoded β-lactamase that is secreted into the periplasm. In this study, we found that levels of β-lactamase vary among X.

Lytic myophage Abp53 encodes several proteins similar to those encoded by host Acinetobacter baumannii and phage phiKO2.

Acinetobacter baumannii is an important Gram-negative opportunistic pathogen causing nosocomial infections. The emergence of multiple-drug-resistant A. baumannii isolates has increased in recent years.

Wide host range and strong lytic activity of Staphylococcus aureus lytic phage Stau2.

In searching for an alternative antibacterial agent against multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, we have isolated and characterized a lytic staphylophage, Stau2. It possesses a double-stranded DNA genome estimated to be about 134.5 kb and a morphology resembling that of members of the family Myoviridae.

Two non-consensus Clp binding sites are involved in upregulation of the gum operon involved in xanthan polysaccharide synthesis in Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris.

Biosynthesis of xanthan polysaccharide, a virulence factor of phytopathogenic Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc), involves the gum operon and the cyclic AMP receptor protein (CRP) homologue Clp. Clp was shown to have the same DNA binding specificity as the CRP at positions 5, 6, and 7 (GTG motif) of the left arm.

Mutation of the gene encoding a major outer-membrane protein in Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris causes pleiotropic effects, including loss of pathogenicity.

Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc) is the phytopathogen that causes black rot in crucifers. The xanthan polysaccharide and extracellular enzymes produced by this organism are virulence factors, the expression of which is upregulated by Clp (CRP-like protein) and DSF (diffusible signal factor), which is synthesized by RpfF.

Transcriptional regulation and molecular characterization of the manA gene encoding the biofilm dispersing enzyme mannan endo-1,4-beta-mannosidase in Xanthomonas campestris.

Exopolysaccharide and several extracellular enzymes of Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc), the causative agent of black rot in crucifers, are important virulence determinants. It is known that Clp (cAMP receptor protein-like protein) and RpfF (an enoyl-CoA hydratase homologue required for the synthesis of diffusible signal factor, DSF) regulate the production of these determinants.

The cAMP receptor-like protein CLP is a novel c-di-GMP receptor linking cell-cell signaling to virulence gene expression in Xanthomonas campestris.

Cyclic-di-GMP [bis-(3'-5')-cyclic diguanosine monophosphate] controls a wide range of functions in eubacteria, yet little is known about the underlying regulatory mechanisms. In the plant pathogen Xanthomonas campestris, expression of a subset of virulence genes is regulated by c-di-GMP and also by the CAP (catabolite activation protein)-like protein XcCLP, a global regulator in the CRP/FNR superfamily. Here, we report structural and functional insights into the interplay between XcCLP and c-di-GMP in regulation of gene expression.

Genomic characterization of the intron-containing T7-like phage phiL7 of Xanthomonas campestris.

The lytic phage phiL7, which morphologically belongs to the Siphoviridae family, infects Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris. Nucleotide sequence analysis has revealed that phiL7 contains a linear double-stranded DNA genome (44,080 bp, 56% G+C) with a 3'-protruding cos site (5'-TTACCGGAC-3') and 59 possible genes.

Clp and RpfF up-regulate transcription of pelA1 gene encoding the major pectate lyase in Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris.

Exopolysaccharide and several extracellular enzymes of Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc), the causative agent of black rot in crucifers, are virulence determinants. In this study, two Xcc annotated extracellular pectate lyase genes, pelA1 and pelA2, belonging to family 1 of the polysaccharide lyase, were characterized.

Regulation of the pehA gene encoding the major polygalacturonase of Xanthomonas campestris by Clp and RpfF.

Exopolysaccharide and several extracellular enzymes of Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc), the causative agent of black rot in crucifers, are virulence factors. In this study, sequence and mutational analysis has demonstrated that Xcc pehA encodes the major polygalacturonase, a member of family 28 of the glycosyl hydrolases.

Comparison of genomes of three Xanthomonas oryzae bacteriophages.

Background: Xp10 and OP1 are phages of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo), the causative agent of bacterial leaf blight in rice plants, which were isolated in 1967 in Taiwan and in 1954 in Japan, respectively. We recently isolated the Xoo phage Xop411.

Identification of a hypothetical protein of plant pathogenic Xanthomonas campestris as a novel beta-galactosidase.

Xc17L, a lactose-utilizing mutant of Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris previously isolated by mutagenesis with nitrous acid, displays a level of beta-galactosidase 3.5-fold higher than that in the parental Xc17.

Qualitative and comparative proteomic analysis of Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris 17.

The bacterium Xanthomonas campestris pathovar campestris (XCC) 17 is a local isolate that causes crucifer black rot disease in Taiwan. In this study, its proteome was separated using 2-DE and the well-resolved proteins were excised, trypsin digested, and analyzed by MS. Over 400 protein spots were analyzed and 281 proteins were identified by searching the MS or MS/MS spectra against the proteome database of the closely related XCC ATCC 33913.

Resistance rate to antibiotics of Helicobacter pylori isolates in eastern Taiwan.

Background And Aim: Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) strains resistant to metronidazole, clarithromycin and amoxicillin is increasing worldwide. The aim of this study was to determine the antibiotic susceptibility patterns in H.

Characterization of a novel T4-type Stenotrophomonas maltophilia virulent phage Smp14.

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (Sm), with most of the isolates being resistant to multidrugs, is an opportunistic bacterium causing nosocomial infections. In this study, a novel virulent Sm phage, Smp14, was characterized. Electron microscopy showed that Smp14 resembled members of Myoviridae and adsorbed to poles of the host cells during infection.

Characterization of extended-host-range pseudo-T-even bacteriophage Kpp95 isolated on Klebsiella pneumoniae.

Kpp95, isolated on Klebsiella pneumoniae, is a bacteriophage with the morphology of T4-type phages and is capable of rapid lysis of host cells. Its double-stranded genomic DNA (ca. 175 kb, estimated by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis) can be cut only by restriction endonucleases with a cleavage site flanked either by A and T or by T, as tested, suggesting that it contains the modified derivative(s) of G and/or C.