Non-equilibrium potentiometric sensors integrated with metal modified paper-based microfluidic solution sampling substrates for determination of heavy metals in complex environmental samples.

Metal modified paper-based substrates were utilized for microfluidic paper-based solution sampling coupled with Pb-ion selective electrodes (ISEs) with the aim of controlling the super-Nernstian response which usually occurs when using unmodified paper substrates. Potentiometric responses of Pb-ISEs coupled with gold, platinum and palladium coated paper substrates were investigated. Potentiometric response time was found to be predominantly dependent on the thickness of metallic layer deposited at the paper substrates.

Physically Tailoring Ion Fluxes by Introducing Foamlike Structures into Polymeric Membranes of Solid Contact Ion-Selective Electrodes.

Transmembrane ion fluxes have earlier been identified as a source of potential instability in solid contact ion-selective electrodes (SC-ISEs). In this work, foamlike structures were intentionally introduced into a potassium-sensitive plasticized poly(vinyl chloride) ion-selective membrane (ISM) near the membrane|solid contact interface by controlling the temperature during membrane deposition. Foamlike structures in the ISM were shown to be effective at physically tailoring the transport of ions in the ion-selective membrane, greatly reducing the flux of interfering ions from the sample to the membrane|solid contact interface.

Highly reproducible solid contact ion selective electrodes: Emerging opportunities for potentiometry - A review.

The solid contact ion-selective electrodes (SC-ISEs) have been extensively studied in the field of ion sensing as they offer the possibility of miniaturization, are relatively inexpensive in comparison to other analytical techniques and allow straightforward and routine analyses of ions in a number of clinical, environmental and industrial process samples. In recent years, significant interest has grown in the development of SC-ISEs with well-defined interfacialpotentials at the membrane, solid contact, and substrate electrode interfaces. This has resulted in interesting SC-ISEs exhibiting high electrode-to-electrode potential reproducibility, for those made in a single batch of electrodes, some approaching or exceeding those observed in liquid-contact ISEs.

Heavy Metals Detection with Paper-Based Electrochemical Sensors.

This Feature summarizes recent works in paper-based potentiometry and voltammetry in heavy metal determination. Interactions of paper substrates with heavy metals, influence on the sensing response, and modification methods applied to paper substrates to improve the performance of recently developed electrochemical sensors are discussed. Since the rekindling of interest in paper-based analytical devices, methodologies and electrode designs for heavy metal determinations are highlighted.

Diagnostics of skin features through 3D skin mapping based on electro-controlled deposition of conducting polymers onto metal-sebum modified surfaces and their possible applications in skin treatment.

Analytical diagnostics of skin features was developed through application of portable and fast skin mapping based on electro-controlled deposition of conducting polymers onto metal-sebum modified surfaces. In this analytical diagnostic technique, the development of skin pattern is based on electropolymerization of conducting polymers within insulating barriers in skin stamp provided by natural sebum to monitor the 3D nature of various skin features. The recorded skin maps reach a μm-level resolution and are proved to be capable of recognition, enhancement, and reproduction of surface outlines of various skin topographies, subsequently assisting dermatological diagnosis.