A sweet story from Phytophthora-soybean interaction.

Phytopathogenic microbes obtain nutrients from host plants to support their growth and metabolism. A recent study by Zhu et al. revealed that the oomycete pathogen Phytophthora sojae upregulates the activity of soybean trehalose 6-phosphate synthase 6 (GmTPS6) and increases trehalose accumulation (through an effector PsAvh413) to promote nutritional gain.

High air humidity dampens salicylic acid pathway and NPR1 function to promote plant disease.

The occurrence of plant disease is determined by interactions among host, pathogen, and environment. Air humidity shapes various aspects of plant physiology and high humidity has long been known to promote numerous phyllosphere diseases. However, the molecular basis of how high humidity interferes with plant immunity to favor disease has remained elusive.

CURLY LEAF modulates apoplast liquid water status in Arabidopsis leaves.

The apoplast of plant leaves, the intercellular space between mesophyll cells, is normally largely filled with air with a minimal amount of liquid water in it, which is essential for key physiological processes such as gas exchange to occur. Phytopathogens exploit virulence factors to induce a water-rich environment, or "water-soaked" area, in the apoplast of the infected leaf tissue to promote disease. We propose that plants evolved a "water soaking" pathway, which normally keeps a nonflooded leaf apoplast for plant growth but is disturbed by microbial pathogens to facilitate infection.

Hybrid Heterostructure Ni N|NiFeP/FF Self-Supporting Electrode for High-Current-Density Alkaline Water Electrolysis.

Exploring earth-abundant and efficient electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is an urgent need and significant to water electrolysis. Although great achievements have been made, it is still challenging to achieve industrial current density and stability. Herein, a hybrid heterostructure electrode based on Ni N and NiFeP over Fe foam substrate (Ni N|NiFeP/FF) is reported, along with 3D-interconnected hierarchical porous architecture, achieving the low overpotentials of 287, 178, and 290 mV at 500 mA cm in 1 m KOH, 30 wt% KOH, and alkaline simulated seawater, respectively, with excellent durability at 800 mA cm over 120 h, which can satisfy the requirements of industrial water electrolysis.

Bimetallic Phosphide Heterostructure Coupled with Ultrathin Carbon Layer Boosting Overall Alkaline Water and Seawater Splitting.

Seawater electrolysis is promising for green hydrogen production but hindered by the sluggish reaction kinetics of both cathode and anode, as well as the detrimental chlorine chemistry environment. Herein, a self-supported bimetallic phosphide heterostructure electrode strongly coupled with an ultrathin carbon layer on Fe foam (C@CoP-FeP/FF) is constructed. When used as an electrode for the hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions (HER/OER) in simulated seawater, the C@CoP-FeP/FF electrode shows overpotentials of 192 mV and 297 mV at 100 mA cm , respectively.

Hollow Carbon Nanorod Confined Single Atom Rh for Direct Formic Acid Electrooxidation.

Nearly theoretical 100% atomic utilization (supposing each atom could serve as independent sites to play a role in catalyz) of single-atom catalysts (SACs) makes it highly promising for various applications. However, for most SACs, single-atom sites are trapped in a solid carbon matrix, which makes the inner parts hardly available for reaction. Herein, a hollow N-doped carbon confined single-atom Rh (Rh-SACs/HNCR) is developed via a coordination-template method.

Bacterial effectors manipulate plant abscisic acid signaling for creation of an aqueous apoplast.

Phytopathogens like Pseudomonas syringae induce "water soaking" in the apoplastic space of plant leaf tissue as a key virulence mechanism. Water soaking is commonly observed in diverse pathosystems, yet the underlying physiological basis remains largely elusive. Here, we show that one of the strong P.

A Low-Temperature Carbon Encapsulation Strategy for Stable and Poisoning-Tolerant Electrocatalysts.

Carbon encapsulation is an effective strategy for enhancing the durability of Pt-based electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). However, high-temperature treatment is not only energy-intensive but also unavoidably leads to possible aggregation. Herein, a low-temperature polymeric carbon encapsulation strategy (≈150 °C) is reported to encase Pt nanoparticles in thin and amorphous carbonaceous layers.

Efficient Electrochemical Production of HO on Hollow N-Doped Carbon Nanospheres with Abundant Micropores.

Electrocatalytic two-electron (2e) oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) has been regarded as an efficient strategy to achieve onsite HO generation under ambient conditions. However, due to the sluggish kinetics and competitive reaction between 2e and 4e ORR, exploring more efficient ORR catalysts with dominant 2e ORR selectivity is of significance. Herein, hollow N-doped carbon spheres (HNCS) with abundant micropores through a template-directed method are presented.

Variable-valence metals catalyzed solid NaBiO nanosheets for oxidative degradation of norfloxacin, ofloxacin and ciprofloxacin: Efficiency and mechanism.

In this work, we report metal ions catalyzed oxidative degradation of three typical fluoroquinolones norfloxacin (NOR), ofloxacin (OFL) and ciprofloxacin (CIP) by using NaBiO nanosheets. It was found that variable-valence metal ions such as Cu, Fe, Mn, Ce, Ag and Co could obviously enhanced degradation of NOR, OFL and CIP by NaBiO. The pseudo-first-order kinetic rate for the degradation of 20 μmol L NOR by NaBiO (2 mmol L) in the presence of 0.