Galectin-9 contributes to the survival of fully allogeneic skin grafts by modulating effector T cells and Tregs imbalance.

Allogeneic skin transplantation is an important clinical treatment for many diseases. Although Galectin-9 demonstrates multifaceted roles in modulating immune cell homeostasis and inflammation, its precise impact on balancing effector T cells and Tregs during allogeneic skin transplantation remains uncertain. This work was performed to evaluate the modulation of the survival time of allogeneic skin grafts by Gal-9 and to explore the critical mechanism involved in this process.

Allograft hemorrhage as a manifestation of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumonia infection in kidney transplant recipients: Case series.

Rationale: Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumonia (CRKP) infections have been a concerning threat, especially in organ transplant patients with very high mortality. Allograft hemorrhage associated with CRKP infection has never been described.

Patient Concerns: A total of 6 recipients tested positive for CRKP were identified in 297 adult kidney transplant recipients who received kidney from donors according to Chinese type donation after cardiac death (DCD) at our center between January 2006 and December 2017.

Follicular Helper T Cell Derived Exosomes Promote B Cell Proliferation and Differentiation in Antibody-Mediated Rejection after Renal Transplantation.

Follicular helper T cells (Tfh cells) are closely related to the occurrence and development of antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) after renal transplantation. Exosomes play a key role in the rejection after organ transplantation. However, whether Tfh-derived exosomes are involved in AMR has not been reported.

CD4+ T Cell Immune Response to VP1 and VP3 in BK Virus Infected Recipients of Renal Transplantation.

Objective: To investigate the characteristics of BK virus (BKV) specific cellular immune response in the recipients who have early infection with BKV after renal transplantation.

Methods: The recipients of renal allografts (n = 30) were divided into groups of BK virus nephropathy (BKVN), viruria, and viremia. The BKV load was observed with real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction in urine and blood every three months.

Expression and genetic polymorphism of necroptosis related protein RIPK1 is correlated with severe hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury and prognosis after hepatectomy in hepatocellular carcinoma patients.

Objectives: The goal of our study was to assess the prognostic impact of the necroptosis relative protein RIPK1 genetic polymorphism in ischemia-reperfusion injury and survival after hepatectomy in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients.

Methods: In this study, expression of RIPK1 and its genetic polymorphism(rs2272990) were examined in plasma of 44 HCC patients. All these patients were undergoing partial hepatectomy.

Prostate cancer downregulated SIRP-α modulates apoptosis and proliferation through p38-MAPK/NF-κB/COX-2 signaling.

The present study investigated the regulatory mechanism of signal-regulatory protein (SIRP)-α in the apoptosis and proliferation of prostate cancer (CaP) cells. The expression profile of SIRP-α in prostate cancer cells was analyzed using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blotting. Then SIRP-α function in CaP cells was further analyzed with the overexpression and RNA interference of SIRP-α.

IFN-γ-producing Th1-like regulatory T cells may limit acute cellular renal allograft rejection: Paradoxical post-transplantation effects of IFN-γ.

Purpose: IFN-γ is a protypical proinflammatory cytokine that plays a central role in inflammation and acute graft rejection. Accumulating evidence indicates that IFN-γ can exert previously unexpected immunoregulatory activities. However, little is known about the role of IFN-γ secreted by Th1-like regulatory T cells in human kidney transplantation.

Protection of Pentoxifylline against Testis Injury Induced by Intermittent Hypobaric Hypoxia.

To investigate the effect of pentoxifylline (PTX) on spermatogenesis dysfunction induced by intermittent hypobaric hypoxia (IHH) and unveil the underlying mechanism, experimental animals were assigned to Control, IHH+Vehicle, and IHH+PTX groups and exposed to 4 cycles of 96 h of hypobaric hypoxia followed by 96 h of normobaric normoxia for 32 days. PTX was administered for 32 days. Blood and tissue samples were collected 7 days thereafter.

Characterisation of Tertiary Lymphoid Organs in Explanted Rejected Donor Kidneys.

Purpose: Tertiary lymphoid organs (TLOs) have been described within organ allografts, but whether they promote destructive or beneficial alloimmune responses remains controversial. This study aimed to characterize TLO distribution in human chronically rejected renal allografts and to explore their functions.

Methods: A total of 29 explanted chronically rejected and 12 acutely rejected renal allografts were analyzed by immunohistochemistry.

Study of clinical practical model of urinary system injury.

Background: In order to improve the clinical treatment level of urinary system injury, it is necessary to build up an animal model of urinary system wound, which is not only analogous to real clinical practice, but also simple and practical.

Methods: We have developed the third generation of firearm fragment wound generator based on the first and the second producer. The best explosive charge of the blank cartridge was selected by gradient powder loading experiments.

Effectiveness and safety of calcineurin inhibitor withdrawal in kidney transplantation: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Background: The purpose was to compare the effectiveness and safety of calcineurin inhibitors (CNIs) withdrawal and continued therapies in kidney transplant recipients.

Methods: We searched the PubMed, MEDLINE, Springer, Elsevier Science Direct, Cochrane Library and Google Scholar up to May 2014. Risk ratio (RR) or weighted mean difference (WMD) and their 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated in fixed-effects model or random-effects model when appropriate.

Dynamic expression changes between non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer and muscle-invasive bladder cancer.

Aims And Background: Despite elaborate characterization of the risk factors, bladder cancer is still a major epidemiological problem whose incidence continues to rise each year. We aim to investigate the dynamic expression changes between non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) and muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC).

Methods: The gene expression profile GSE13507 was obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus, and the R package was used to identify gene expression signatures (GESs) between NMIBC and MIBC.

Ketanserin, a serotonin 2A receptor antagonist, alleviates ischemia-related biliary fibrosis following donation after cardiac death liver transplantation in rats.

Biliary fibrosis is a major complication after donation after cardiac death (DCD) liver transplantation. In this process, the roles of serotonin [5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)] and the 5-HT2A receptor subtype are still unknown. In this study, we analyzed markers of portal fibroblast (PF)/myofibroblast (MF) transdifferentiation such as transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1), phosphorylated smad2/3, α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), collagen I, and collagen III in a primary culture system of PFs after the administration of 5-HT or 5-HT plus ketanserin (a selective 5-HT2A receptor antagonist).

The biomechanical alterations in the CD14+ monocytes of patients with living donor renal transplantation.

Living-donor renal transplantation is an ideal treatment for patients with end stage renal disease because it affords earlier transplantation and better graft for long term survival. CD14+ monocytes are the predominant inflammatory cells in renal allograft intimal arteritis. The biomechanical alterations in CD14+ monocytes would affect the function of graft.

The association between fish consumption and risk of renal cancer: a meta-analysis of observational studies.

Background: Several case-control studies and cohort studies have investigated the association between fish intake and renal cancer risk, however, they yielded conflicting results. To our knowledge, a comprehensive assessment of the association between fish consumption and risk of renal cancer has not been reported. Hence, we conducted a systematic literature search and meta-analysis to quantify the association between fish consumption and renal cancer.

Interleukin-6 first plays pro- then anti-inflammatory role in early versus late acute renal allograft rejection.

This study aimed to investigate the potential role of IL-6 in acute T-cell-mediated renal rejection (ACR) during different periods post-transplantation. Fifty-three patients with ACR (32 of whom developed ACR within the first month; 12, between 2 and 6 months; and 9, between 7 and 12 months post-transplantation), 31 patients with delayed graft function (DGF), and 38 recipients with stable renal allograft function were recruited. Luminex analysis was used to monitor levels of IL-6, sIL-6R, IL-1α, IL-1β, and IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) in 228 serum samples from 122 patients, including ACR patients before and during rejection, and after rejection reversal, DGF patients, and stable controls.

Clinical efficacy of rituximab for acute rejection in kidney transplantation: a meta-analysis.

Objectives: This meta-analysis was undertaken to compare the efficacy and safety of pretransplant treatment with rituximab in sensitized patients receiving kidney transplantation.

Methods: PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases were searched to identify studies that used pretransplantation rituximab in eligible patients. The major outcomes included antibody-mediated rejections (AMR) after kidney transplantation and one-year graft survival rate.

Serum levels of CXCR3 ligands predict T cell-mediated acute rejection after kidney transplantation.

The early diagnosis of acute rejection is crucial for graft survival after kidney transplantation. The interferon-γ (IFNγ)-CXCR3-chemokine-dependent inflammatory loop plays a pivotal role in the recruitment of T lymphocytes during acute rejection. Previously published studies have typically focused on the CXCR3 receptor rather than on its ligands.

Association of vitamin D receptor FokI and ApaI polymorphisms with human cytomegalovirus disease in the first three months following kidney transplantation.

Background: Untreated human cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease (CMVD) is an identified risk factor for reduced rates of patient (and graft) survival, death or retransplantation in kidney transplant recipients due to increased immunological tolerance after transplant. Vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene polymorphisms have an obvious relationship with autoimmune diseases but the relationship between VDR gene polymorphisms and CMVD are not well understood. This study investigated the relationship between VDR FokI and ApaI gene polymorphisms and CMVD, and their value for predicting risk of CMVD.

Combination of IL-1 receptor antagonist, IL-20 and CD40 ligand for the prediction of acute cellular renal allograft rejection.

Purpose: The outcome of renal transplantation is difficult to predict, even with an allograft biopsy. The aim of this study was to develop a sensitive, specific and noninvasive method for prediction of acute cellular rejection (ACR).

Methods: Luminex analysis was used to determine the levels of 95 cytokines/chemokines and their soluble receptors in sera from recipients with: ACR (in the first month post-transplantation, before and during rejection, and after rejection reversal); stable allograft function; delayed graft function (DGF); pulmonary infection.

Intertransversalis fascia approach in urologic laparoscopic operations.

Objectives: To study the clinical anatomy of the transversalis fascia (TF) and to explore the intertransversalis fascia approach in urologic laparoscopic operations (ULOs).

Design: Prospective study.

Setting: Two academic hospitals.

Serum hematopoietic growth factors as diagnostic and prognostic markers of acute renal allograft rejection: a potential role for serum stem cell factor.

Objectives: Hematopoietic growth factors (HGFs) are proliferative and chemotactic agents for hematopoietic stem cells, although their functions on renal transplantation are rarely reported. This study aimed to investigate the association of HGFs with acute T cell-mediated renal rejection.

Experimental Design: A cytokine bead array was used to analyze 10 HGFs in the sera of 32 patients with acute T cell-mediated renal allograft rejection before and during rejection and after rejection reversal.