A Green Electromagnetic Energy Harvester with Up-Frequency and Unidirectional Rotation for Smart Pavement.

Smart pavement is composed of a monitor network, communication network, data center, and energy supply system, and it requires reliable and efficient energy sources to power sensors and devices. The mechanical energy is wasted and dissipated as heat in traditional pavement; this energy can be reused to power low-power devices and sensors for smart pavement. Mechanical energy harvesting systems typically perform through electromagnetic, piezoelectric, and triboelectric methods.