Sensing-actuating integrated asymmetric multilayer hydrogel muscle for soft robotics.

Achieving autonomously responding to external stimuli and providing real-time feedback on their motion state are key challenges in soft robotics. Herein, we propose an asymmetric three-layer hydrogel muscle with integrated sensing and actuating performances. The actuating layer, made of p(NIPAm-HEMA), features an open pore structure, enabling it to achieve 58% volume shrinkage in just 8 s.

Thin and Flexible Breeze-Sense Generators for Non-Contact Haptic Feedback in Virtual Reality.

In the realm of virtual reality (VR), haptic feedback is integral to enhance the immersive experience; yet, existing wearable devices predominantly rely on skin contact feedback, lacking options for compact and non-contact breeze-sense feedback. Herein, we propose a compact and non-contact working model piezoelectret actuator for providing a gentle and safe breeze sensation. This easy-fabricated and flexible breeze-sense generator with thickness around 1 mm generates air flow pressure up to ~ 163 Pa, which is significantly sensed by human skin.