Spatio-temporal distribution and influencing factors of norovirus outbreaks in Beijing, China from 2016 to 2020.

Background: Noroviruses are a leading cause of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) worldwide. The geographical characteristics of norovirus outbreaks in Beijing and their influencing factors remain unknown. This study aimed to explore the spatial distributions, geographical characteristics, and influencing factors of norovirus outbreaks in Beijing, China.

Predicting the Incident Cases of Emerging Infectious Disease Using a Bayesian Probability Model - China, February 2020.

What Is Already Known About This Topic?: The exact number of incident cases of emerging infectious diseases on a daily basis is of great importance to the disease control and prevention, but it is not directly available from the current surveillance system in time.

What Is Added By This Report?: In this study, a Bayesian statistical method was proposed to estimate the posterior parameters of the gamma probability distribution of the lag time between the onset date and the reporting time based on the surveillance data. And then the posterior parameters and corresponding cumulative gamma probability distribution were used to predict the actual number of new incident cases and the number of unreported cases per day.

Control strategies and their effects on the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 in representative countries.

COVID-19 is the most severe pandemic globally since the 1918 influenza pandemic. Effectively responding to this once-in-a-century global pandemic is a worldwide challenge that the international community needs to jointly face and solve. This study reviews and discusses the key measures taken by major countries in 2020 to fight against COVID-19, such as lockdowns, social distancing, wearing masks, hand hygiene, using Fangcang shelter hospitals, large-scale nucleic acid testing, close-contacts tracking, and pandemic information monitoring, as well as their prevention and control effects.

Disproportionate Increase of New Diagnosis of HIV/AIDS Infection by Sex and Age - China, 2007-2018.

The annual rates of newly diagnosed HIV/AIDS among total population is increasing in China, yet HIV/AIDS in older adults has received little attention. The overall rates of new diagnosis of HIV/AIDS per 100,000 populations increased 3.26 and 2.

Spatiotemporal Analysis of Influenza in China, 2005-2018.

Influenza is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, as well as in China. Knowledge of the spatial and temporal characteristics of influenza is important in evaluating and developing disease control programs. This study aims to describe an accurate spatiotemporal pattern of influenza at the prefecture level and explore the risk factors associated with influenza incidence risk in mainland China from 2005 to 2018.

[Postpartum pelvic floor rehabilitation on prevention of female pelvic floor dysfunction: a multicenter prospective randomized controlled study].

Objective: To study the postpartum pelvic floor rehabilitation on the improvement of pelvic floor electrical physiological indexes and the prevention of female pelvic floor dysfunction in China.

Methods: A multicenter prospective randomized controlled study was carried out. From October 2011, postpartum women in five provinces were randomly assigned into treatment group and control group.

[Statistical model analysis of primary angle closure glaucoma associated genes and SNP].

Objective: To evaluate GWAS significant associated SNP for primary angle closure glaucoma.

Methods: Experimental study. Taking advantage of different statistical models, the usefulness was evaluated by sensitivity, specificity and the area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve (ROC), which indicates the accuracy of genetic profiling in discriminating between primary angle closure glaucoma patients and normal controls.

[Application of spatial relative risk estimation in communicable disease risk evaluation].

This paper summaries the application of adaptive kernel density algorithm in the spatial relative risk estimation of communicable diseases by using the reported data of infectious diarrhea (other than cholera, dysentery, typhoid and paratyphoid) in Ludian county and surrounding area in Yunnan province in 2013. Statistically significant fluctuations in an estimated risk function were identified through the use of asymptotic tolerance contours, and finally these data were visualized though disease mapping. The results of spatial relative risk estimation and disease mapping showed that high risk areas were in southeastern Shaoyang next to Ludian.

Exploration of diarrhoea seasonality and its drivers in China.

This study investigated the diarrhoea seasonality and its potential drivers as well as potential opportunities for future diarrhoea control and prevention in China. Data on weekly infectious diarrhoea cases in 31 provinces of China from 2005 to 2012, and data on demographic and geographic characteristics, as well as climatic factors, were complied. A cosinor function combined with a Poisson regression was used to calculate the three seasonal parameters of diarrhoea in different provinces.

The temperature-mortality relationship in China: An analysis from 66 Chinese communities.

Background: Previous studies examining temperature-mortality associations in China focused on a single city or a small number of cities. A multi-city study covering different climatic zones is necessary to better understand regional differences in temperature risk on mortality in China.

Methods: Sixty-six communities from 7 regions across China were included in this study.

The short-term effect of heat waves on mortality and its modifiers in China: an analysis from 66 communities.

Background: Many studies have reported increased mortality risk associated with heat waves. However, few have assessed the health impacts at a nation scale in a developing country. This study examines the mortality effects of heat waves in China and explores whether the effects are modified by individual-level and community-level characteristics.

Spatiotemporal pattern of bacillary dysentery in China from 1990 to 2009: what is the driver behind?

Background: Little is known about the spatiotemporal pattern of bacillary dysentery (BD) in China. This study assessed the geographic distribution and seasonality of BD in China over the past two decades.

Methods: Data on monthly BD cases in 31 provinces of China from January 1990 to December 2009 obtained from Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, and data on demographic and geographic factors, as well as climatic factors, were compiled.

[Analysis on the clustering of liver cancer mortality in Lingbi county, Anhui province, from 2005 to 2010].

Objective: To observe the mortality and its changes on liver cancer in the past 30 years as well as to describe the spatial distribution of liver cancer deaths between 2005 and 2010 in Lingbi, Anhui province.

Methods: Using the mortality data from 1973-1975 and from 2005 to 2010 in Lingbi to compare with the relative national and historical data, to observe the trend of rapid increase on liver cancer mortality in Lingbi. Using the Poisson model, BYM model and hotspot detection method, standardized mortality ratio(SMR), relative risk(RR)value of liver cancer deaths of each village were calculated and the clustering of high liver cancer deaths was identified.

[Association between mortality rate of hepatic carcinoma and the distance from Suihe River in Lingbi county, Anhui province].

Objective: To explore the association between mortality rate of hepatic carcinoma and the distance from Suihe River in Lingbi county, Suzhou, Anhui province.

Methods: Using the disease mapping and spatial statistical analysis techniques,we described the spatial distributions of the mortality rate of hepatic carcinoma from 2005 to 2010 in Lingbi county. Taking the distance between villages and polluted rivers as proxy variable of environmental exposure, mortality rate of hepatic carcinoma in each village as dependant variable, and using the Glimmix model and Bayesian spatial model (BYM) to undertake the univariate and multivariate analysis, we investigatived the association between mortality rate of hepatic carcinoma and the water pollution of Suihe River in Lingbi county.

Association of reduced folate carrier gene polymorphism and maternal folic acid use with neural tube defects.

This study was designed to investigate whether the risk for neural tube defects (NTDs) was associated with reduced folate carrier gene (RFC1 A80G) polymorphism and/or with the interaction between the RFC1 gene and maternal periconceptional use of folic acid. One hundred four nuclear families with NTDs and 100 non-malformed control families were sampled to investigate the potential interaction between maternal or the offspring's RFC1 (A80G) genotypes and the maternal periconceptional use of folic acid through a population-based case-control study. RFC1 (A80G) genotypes were detected using PCR-restricted fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP).

Breast-feeding, dietary intakes and their associations with subclinical vitamin A deficiency in children in Anhui Province, China.

Objective: This study aimed to explore the associations between breast-feeding, dietary intakes and other related factors and subclinical vitamin A deficiency (SVAD) in children aged 0-5 years in an area in China where mild vitamin A deficiency (VAD) is found.

Methods: Data were from a population-based cross-sectional study with 1052 children aged 0-5 years. SVAD cases were identified by the indicator of serum retinol View Article and Find Full Text PDF

[Differences in serum retinol level between the breastfed and non-breastfed children aged 0 to 23 months].

Objective: Some recent studies found that high prevalence of vitamin A deficiency in the breastfed children. This study aimed to understand the differences in serum retinol level between breastfed and bottle-fed children aged 0 to 23 months and the possible causes of low level of serum retinol for the breastfed children.

Methods: Data for children aged 0 to 23 months were extracted from a population-based cross sectional study for vitamin A nutrition status.

[Evaluation on birth defects surveillance system in four counties of Shanxi province, China].

Objective: To evaluate the reliability of the birth defects surveillance system in four counties with high prevalence of birth defects (Pingding, Xiyang, Taigu and Zezhou counties) in Shanxi province, China.

Methods: One township was selected from each county as study site. The health workers chosen from township or village level were trained to visit families on the outcomes of each pregnancy who gave birth during year 2003 in the study site.