Diagnosis and classification of optic neuritis.

There is no consensus regarding the classification of optic neuritis, and precise diagnostic criteria are not available. This reality means that the diagnosis of disorders that have optic neuritis as the first manifestation can be challenging. Accurate diagnosis of optic neuritis at presentation can facilitate the timely treatment of individuals with multiple sclerosis, neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder, or myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease.

Susceptibility-weighted imaging and transcranial Doppler ultrasound in patients with cerebral small vessel disease.

Introduction: Cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) is a common accompaniment to aging. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features of SVD include lacunar infarcts (LI) and white matter hyperintensity (WMH). Brain iron deposition is also a known marker of SVD that is associated with cognitive impairment and can be detected with susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI) MRI technique.