Genetic characterization of diphtheria B to evaluate vaccine efficacy in Indonesia.

Background And Objectives: Blocking the attachment of diphtheria toxins to host cells through the intact receptor binding site ( B) was the initial mechanism of action of the diphtheria vaccine. Diphtheria outbreaks in populations with good vaccination coverage can be caused by mutations or changes in the genetic structure of the B protein. The aim of this study was to characterize the Tox B protein produced by isolated from 2018 to 2019 in patients in Jakarta who had already received the diphtheria vaccine.

Diagnostic value of the QuickStripe™ chlamydia rapid test among high-risk women in Jakarta.

Background: Difficulty in diagnosing infections, including chlamydial cervicitis, is a notable challenge in managing sexually transmitted infections in Indonesia. Gram staining is usually done to make a presumptive diagnosis despite its low sensitivity and specificity. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is considered the gold standard, but it is costly, technically demanding, and difficult to be performed in low-resource settings.

Detection of A2058G and A2059G on the 23S rRNA Gene by Multiplex Nested PCR to Identify Treponema pallidum Resistance to Azithromycin in Indonesia.

Azithromycin is an antibiotic used to treat syphilis, especially in the context of penicillin allergy. Although resistance to azithromycin has been widely reported to be associated with one- and/or two-point mutations on the 23S rRNA gene, it has yet to be described in Indonesia. Specimens were collected from 220 patients diagnosed with secondary syphilis.

Detection of toxin-producing from throat swabs of diphtheria patients using duplex real-time PCR.

Background And Objectives: Diphtheria is a potentially fatal disease caused by toxigenic bacterial infection, particularly from . Isolation of is technically lacking in sensitivity, and Elek's test to detect toxin production has several difficulties associated with its application. Duplex real-time PCR to throat swab of suspected diphtheria patients can detect both bacteria and toxin-encoding genes simultaneously, faster, with higher sensitivity and specificity.

Urinary Tract Infections among Indonesian Pregnant Women and Its Susceptibility Pattern.

Pregnant women are usually at risk of urinary tract infections (UTIs) such as asymptomatic bacteriuria. In the current multidrug-resistance era, appropriate diagnosis and treatment should be provided to avoid complications in pregnant women in developing countries, which have limited facilities, such as Indonesia. The aim of this study was to evaluate in vitro susceptibility tests.

Formulation, characterization, and testing of azelaic acid ethosome-based cream against for the treatment of acne.

Azelaic acid is an antiacne drug by inhibiting thioredoxin reductase enzyme of () that affects the inhibition of bacterial DNA synthesis which occurs in the cytoplasm. Azelaic acid must penetrate through the stratum corneum to the sebaceous tissue and into cytoplasm by passing through thick peptidoglycan of . Thus, it is necessary to increase the penetration of azelaic acid that formulated based ethosome.

Overexpression and mutation as a genetic mechanism of fluconazole resistance in Candida albicans isolated from human immunodeficiency virus patients in Indonesia.

Fluconazole is the standard treatment for oropharyngeal candidiasis, which is the third most common opportunistic infection in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/AIDS patients in Indonesia. Overuse of this drug could lead to the emergence of resistance. The objective of this study was to analyse the role of ERG11, CDR1, CDR2 and MDR1 gene overexpression and mutations in the ERG11 gene as a genetic mechanism of fluconazole resistance in Candida albicans isolated from HIV patients in Indonesia.

Trends in antimicrobial susceptibility of gram-negative bacteria isolated from blood in Jakarta from 2002 to 2008.

Background: This study examined the susceptibility of Gram-negative bacteria in the bloodstream to antimicrobials with the aim of providing information relevant to the guidance of therapy.

Methodology: Blood specimens received by the Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia, from 2002 to 2008, were analyzed for the presence of Gram-negative bacteria and their susceptibility to four antibiotic groups frequently administered in hospitals and community settings.

Results: During the seven-year period leading up to 2008, approximately 68% of Gram-negative bacteria were identified among all positive isolates from blood specimens.

Antimicrobial susceptibilities of Neisseria gonorrhoeae strains isolated in Java, Indonesia.

Background: Despite the rapid spread of antibiotic resistance in gonococci all over Southeast Asia, there is only limited surveillance for antibiotic susceptibility in Indonesia.

Goal: This study was undertaken to determine the frequency and diversity of antimicrobial resistance in gonococcal isolates from cohorts of female commercial sex workers in Bandung and Jakarta, Indonesia, and to characterize the Tet M plasmid among the tetracycline-resistant strains N gonorrhoeae.

Study Design: The antimicrobial susceptibility of 267 strains (85 strains from Bandung and 182 from Jakarta) to penicillin, spectinomycin, tetracycline, ciprofloxacin, cefotaxime, thiamphenicol, kanamycin, azithromycin, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMZ) was determined by agar dilution.