Aligning knowledge concepts to whole slide images for precise histopathology image analysis.

Due to the large size and lack of fine-grained annotation, Whole Slide Images (WSIs) analysis is commonly approached as a Multiple Instance Learning (MIL) problem. However, previous studies only learn from training data, posing a stark contrast to how human clinicians teach each other and reason about histopathologic entities and factors. Here, we present a novel knowledge concept-based MIL framework, named ConcepPath, to fill this gap.

Improvement in Obesity-Related Comorbidities 5 Years After Endoscopic Sleeve Gastroplasty: A Prospective Cohort Study.

Background And Aims: Endoscopic sleeve gastroplasty (ESG) is a minimally invasive bariatric procedure that the gastric cavity to facilitate weight loss. We aimed to evaluate the long-term effects of ESG as a monotherapy on obesity-related comorbidities over five years.

Methods: This prospective study analyzed data from 404 consecutive patients (45±11.

YAP1::KMT2A-rearranged sarcomas harbor a unique methylation profile and are distinct from sclerosing epithelioid fibrosarcoma and low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma.

Sclerosing epithelioid fibrosarcoma (SEF) was originally described as a peculiar variant of fibrosarcoma in 1995. Subsequent studies showed that conventional SEF was associated with both immunohistochemical expression of MUC4 and EWSR1/FUS gene rearrangements with CREB3L1 as the predominant fusion partner. Since then, a distinct group of fibrous tumors characterized by YAP1::KMT2A and KMT2A::YAP1 gene rearrangements and SEF-like morphology has been described.

DNAJC12 Deficiency, an Emerging Condition Picked Up by Newborn Screening: A Case Illustration and a Novel Variant Identified.

DNAJC12 deficiency is a recently described inherited metabolic disorder resulting in hyperphenylalaninemia and neurotransmitter deficiency. The effect of treatment on the prevention of neurological manifestations in this newly reported and heterogenous disorder is not fully understood, and the optimal treatment strategy remains to be elucidated. The global or regional incidence of the disease is yet to be estimated.

On-chip petahertz electronics for single-shot phase detection.

Attosecond science has demonstrated that electrons can be controlled on the sub-cycle time scale of an optical waveform, paving the way towards optical frequency electronics. However, these experiments historically relied on high-energy laser pulses and detection not suitable for microelectronic integration. For practical optical frequency electronics, a system suitable for integration and capable of generating detectable signals with low pulse energies is needed.

Cognitively combined/engaged physical activity for the executive function, symptomology, and motor competence of children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Cognitively combined/engaged physical activity (CC/CE-PA) has been used as an intervention for children/adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

Method: This review aimed to quantify the effects of CC/CE-PAs on enhancing executive and physical function and alleviating ADHD symptoms in children/adolescents with ADHD. An extensive literature search of online databases identified 32 studies (75 % high-quality studies), of which 22 (pooled n=968) were included in the meta-analysis.

Caregiver Accompaniment in Pediatric Critical Care Transport: A Systematic Scoping Review.

Context: Family-centered care is a critical component of critical care interfacility and medical retrieval transport (MRT) services. These services provide a critical bridge for a physiologically and psychologically unique population often best served in specialized, tertiary centers. Caregivers often wish to accompany patients during MRT.

Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor (MPNST) With Smooth Muscle Differentiation of the Uterus-A Case Report With Emphasis on Diagnostic Pitfalls and Value of DNA Methylation Analysis.

With no more than two dozen cases reported in the literature, malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST) is a rare primary mesenchymal neoplasm arising in the female genital tract. Most cases occurred in middle-aged adults with high grade histology, unfavorable clinical outcome, and no history of neurofibromatosis type 1. Its extreme rarity in this site no doubt poses a diagnostic challenge during routine clinical practice.

Quantitative texture analysis using machine learning for predicting interpretable pulmonary perfusion from non-contrast computed tomography in pulmonary embolism patients.

Background: Pulmonary embolism (PE) is life-threatening and requires timely and accurate diagnosis, yet current imaging methods, like computed tomography pulmonary angiography, present limitations, particularly for patients with contraindications to iodinated contrast agents. We aimed to develop a quantitative texture analysis pipeline using machine learning (ML) based on non-contrast thoracic computed tomography (CT) scans to discover intensity and textural features correlated with regional lung perfusion (Q) physiology and pathology and synthesize voxel-wise Q surrogates to assist in PE diagnosis.

Methods: We retrospectively collected Tc-labeled macroaggregated albumin Q-SPECT/CT scans from patients suspected of PE, including an internal dataset of 76 patients (64 for training, 12 for testing) and an external testing dataset of 49 patients.

GLI1-Altered Mesenchymal Tumor-Multiomic Characterization of a Case Series and Patient-Level Meta-analysis of One Hundred Sixty-Seven Cases for Risk Stratification.

GLI1-altered mesenchymal tumors have recently emerged as a distinctive group of neoplasms characterized by GLI1 fusions or amplifications. Although there is clearly metastatic potential, the clinicopathologic features predicting for metastasis are currently unknown. Herein, we present 6 cases of GLI1-altered mesenchymal tumors with multiomics analysis.

A methodological guide for implementing and interpreting results of probabilistic analysis.

Introduction: Probabilistic analysis, also referred to as probabilistic sensitivity analysis (PSA), is used extensively in cost-effectiveness evaluations of health technologies. We present methodological guidance for implementing probabilistic analysis and interpreting its results for policy and decision-making.

Methods: We review the methodological issues related to common practices in probabilistic analysis, explore aspects that are currently not widely addressed in the health economics literature, and provide an overview of recent methodological developments.

Does Playing Mahjong Benefit Older Individuals? A Scoping Review.

Playing mahjong is a popular intellectual and social leisure activity in Asian countries. It is culturally believed that this activity is beneficial to cognitive and psychological functioning in older adults. However, empirical evidence of the benefits of playing mahjong is scant and scattered across the Western and Asian literature.

Antibiotic Susceptibility of Aerobic and Facultative Anaerobic Gram-Negative Rods in Hong Kong and Implications on Usefulness of Ceftazidime-Avibactam and Ceftolozane-Tazobactam.

Due to the increasing resistance of aerobic and facultative anaerobic Gram-negative rods, ceftazidime-avibactam and ceftolozane-tazobactam have been launched in the market in the last few years. In this study, we analyzed the susceptibility pattern of the major aerobic and facultative anaerobic Gram-negative rods in Hong Kong for ceftazidime-avibactam, ceftolozane-tazobactam, four other broad-spectrum antibiotics commonly used in Hong Kong and colistin. For 300 isolates collected from January to December 2021, non-ESBL-producing Enterobacterales, ESBL-producing Enterobacterales and were highly susceptible to ceftazidime-avibactam (all 100%) and ceftolozane-tazobactam (98.

Temporal Trend of Incidence and Prevalence of Eosinophilic Esophagitis in Asia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Introduction: There are limited epidemiological studies on eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) in Asia. We studied the temporal trend of EoE in Asia, the presenting symptoms, and association with atopic diseases.

Methods: Literature search on PubMed, Embase, MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science was performed to retrieve studies published between 1980 and 2023 that reported the prevalence or incidence of EoE in Asia.

An Unusual Culprit: Syncope in an Adolescent With Congenital Left Main Coronary Artery Atresia.

There are fewer than 100 reported cases of congenital left main coronary artery atresia. In this report, we present an adolescent male presenting with exertional syncope in the setting of this rare coronary defect, and review important diagnostic and therapeutic considerations imperative to obtain a favorable outcome.

Cortical activity during online motor control in children with and without developmental coordination disorder: a cross-sectional functional near-infrared spectroscopy study.

Background: Children with developmental coordination disorder (DCD) have impaired online motor control. Researchers posit that this impairment could be due to a deficit in utilizing the internal model control process. However, there is little neurological evidence to support this view because few neuroimaging studies have focused specifically on tasks involving online motor control.

Respiratory syncytial virus vaccination strategies for older Canadian adults: a cost-utility analysis.

Background: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) vaccines could reduce disease burden and costs in older Canadian adults, but vaccination program cost-effectiveness is unknown. We evaluated the cost-effectiveness of different age cut-offs for RSV adult vaccination programs, with or without a focus on people with higher disease risk due to chronic medical conditions.

Methods: We developed a static individual-based model of medically attended RSV disease to compare alternative age-, medical risk-, and age-plus medical risk-based vaccination policies.

Extending the role of tryptase in perioperative anaphylaxis: Predicting positive results in basophil activation tests.

Background: Basophil activation tests (BATs) are useful in identifying culprits of perioperative anaphylaxis (PA), but their utility remains limited due to technical limitations, cost, and availability. Being able to prioritize patients with likely higher yields for BAT would be useful in reducing costs and manpower.

Objective: We sought to investigate whether tryptase levels and clinical parameters may be useful for selecting patients for BATs.

Lightwave-electronic harmonic frequency mixing.

Electronic frequency mixers are fundamental building blocks of electronic systems. Harmonic frequency mixing in particular enables broadband electromagnetic signal analysis across octaves of spectrum using a single local oscillator. However, conventional harmonic frequency mixers do not operate beyond hundreds of gigahertz to a few terahertz.

Navigating the Predictive Landscape: DiaRem's Role in Unveiling Outcomes for Diabetes Remission following ESG.

Purpose: Rising obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) rates can be mitigated by various strategies, with a 10% total body weight loss (TBWL) threshold often required for T2DM remission. T2DM remission rates after bariatric surgery like Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) are well established; endoscopic sleeve gastroplasty (ESG) is a less invasive option that averages 15% TBWL and allows for T2DM remission. This study explores the DiaRem (Diabetes Remission post-RYGB) score's ability to predict T2DM remission 1-year post-ESG.

Associations of very low Lipoprotein(a) levels with risks of new-onset diabetes and non-alcoholic liver disease.

Background And Aims: We aimed to study the association of very low serum Lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] concentrations with new-onset type 2 diabetes (T2D) and non-alcoholic liver disease (NAFLD) in the context of statin usage in the UK Biobank, a large prospective population cohort.

Methods: Using an extended biomarker dataset, we identified 47,362 participants with very low Lp(a) concentrations (<3.8 nmol/L) from a total of 451,479 participants.

A systematic review of the literature: Gender-based violence in the construction and natural resources industry.

Gender-based violence (GBV) poses a significant concern in the construction and natural resources industries, where women, due to lower social status and integration, are at heightened risk. This systematic review aimed to identify the prevalence and experience of GBV in the construction and natural resources industries. A systematic search across databases including PubMed, OVID, Scopus, Web of Science, and CINAHL was conducted.