NAMPT, IL-6, and vaspin gene expressions and serum protein levels in type 2 diabetes mellitus and related complication.

Background/aim: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is the most common type of diabetes and occurs due to insufficient insulin secretion or inability to use existing insulin and the effects of environmental factors. Although there are many studies on the pathophysiology of T2DM, the mechanisms contributing to the pathogenesis of insulin resistance and pancreatic beta-cell dysfunction have not been completely elucidated. Some adipokines secreted from adipose tissue, which are the primary regulators of insulin resistance, affect immune and inflammatory functions.

Alteration in gut microbial characteristics of patients with acromegaly.

Purpose: Studies on intestinal microbiota in acromegaly are scant. This study aimed to characterize the gut microbiome in patients with acromegaly.

Method: Stool samples were collected from 11 patients newly diagnosed with acromegaly and 12 healthy controls matched for body mass index (BMI) and age after three days on a standard diet.

Relationship between gut microbiome and bone deficits in primary hyperparathyroidism: A proof-of-concept pilot study.

Parathyroid hormone (PTH) interacts with components of the gut microbiota to exert its bone-regulating effects. This study aimed to investigate the gut microbial composition in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT). Nine patients with PHPT and nine age-sex and body mass index-matched healthy controls were included.

Detecting the interferences in adrenocorticotropic hormone measurement - three cases reinforcing the efficiency of the complementary clinical and laboratory audit.

Accurate measurement of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) is crucial in the evaluation of pituitary and adrenal disorders. Although great progress has been achieved in ACTH measurement with immunometric assays, interference may occur and adversely affect the clinical management. The report contributes to compiling the evidence on the clinical challenges with the management of the interferences in the ACTH measurement by presenting three cases: two with clinically overt hypercortisolism and discrepant ACTH concentrations within the reference interval; the third case describes the falsely elevated ACTH in a patient with secondary adrenal insufficiency.

Leukocyte Telomere Length and Neuregulin-4 Levels in Female Patients with Acromegaly: The Relationship between Disease Activity and Body Fat Distribution.

The study aimed to examine leukocyte telomere length (LTL) and serum neuregulin-4 levels and their relationship with disease activity, co-morbidities and body fat distribution in female acromegaly patients. Forty female patients with acromegaly and thirty-nine age and body mass index (BMI) similar healthy female volunteers were included in the study. Patients were classified into two groups: active acromegaly (AA) and controlled acromegaly (CA).

Relationships of orexigenic and anorexigenic hormones with body fat distribution in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome.

Purpose: We aimed to examine the relationships of disease activity and risk factors with serum levels of orexigenic and anorexigenic hormones in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS).

Methods: Fasting blood samples were taken for hormonal analysis of all participants, abdominal/neck bioimpedance measurements were recorded, and polysomnography (PSG) analyses were performed. According to the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI), 34 patients with newly diagnosed OSAS and 34 participants without OSAS were compared.

Overlooked complication of Cushing's syndrome: Reactivation of hepatitis B.

Objective: Individuals infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV) are at increased risk of reactivation when they receive immunosuppressive therapies. Although exogenous corticosteroid use as immunosuppressive therapy is elaborated in current guidelines on HBV reactivation, Cushing's syndrome (CS) with endogenous hypercortisolemia is not addressed. We aimed to investigate the prevalence of HBV infection and discuss the necessity of antiviral prophylaxis in patients with CS as in other immunosuppressed patients.

Evaluation of Lipohypertrophy in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus on Multiple Daily Insulin Injections or Continuous Subcutaneous Insulin Infusion.

Objective: To determine lipohypertrophy (LH) in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) on multiple daily insulin injections (MDII) or continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) and to reveal the factors associated with the development and severity of LH.

Methods: Sixty-six patients with T1DM treated with MDII (n = 35, 53%) or CSII (n = 31, 47%) for at least 1 year were included. LH localizations were detected with palpation and ultrasonography (USG).

A case of pseudogout attack after zoledronic acid treatment in primary hyperparathyroidism.

Pseudogout (PG) is an inflammatory arthropathy that develops due to the accumulation of calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystals in synovial structures. Herein, we present a 59-year-old male patient with PG developed as a result of zoledronic acid (ZA) infusion, which was administered due to primary hyperparathyroidism. The patient with parathyroid adenoma was given ZA since the calcium level did not decrease despite intravenous saline and loop diuretic.

The evaluation of muscle strength and architecture in type 1 diabetes mellitus: a cross-sectional study.

Background: The aim of this study is to compare muscle strength and architecture between type 1 diabetes patients and healthy volunteers and to assess whether there is an ultrasonographic structural change in this population.

Methods: Thirty-two patients with T1D (23 female, 9 male) with an age average of 31.3 ± 8.

Expert Panel Recommendations for Use of Standardized Glucose Reporting System Based on Standardized Glucometrics Plus Visual Ambulatory Glucose Profile (AGP) Data in Clinical Practice.

This expert panel of diabetes specialists aimed to provide guidance to healthcare providers on the best practice in the use of innovative continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) techniques through a practical and implementable document that specifically addresses the rationale for and also analysis and interpretation of the new standardized glucose reporting system based on standardized CGM metrics and visual ambulatory glucose profile (AGP) data. This guidance document presents recommendations and a useful algorithm for the use of a standardized glucose reporting system in the routine diabetes care setting.

Rates and associates of influenza and pneumococcus vaccination in diabetes mellitus: A nationwide cross-sectional study (TEMD vaccination study).

Background: Vaccination against influenza and pneumococcus is effective in reducing morbidity and mortality in patients with diabetes.

Aim: To investigate the prevalence of influenza and pneumococcal vaccinations and to search for the independent associates of vaccination in Turkish patients with diabetes.

Methods: In this cross-sectional, nationwide, multicenter study, adult patients with type 1 diabetes (T1DM) ( = 454) and type 2 diabetes (T2DM) ( = 4721), who were under follow-up for at least a year in the outpatient clinics, were consecutively enrolled.

Identifying Clinical Characteristics of Hypoparathyroidism in Turkey: HIPOPARATURK-NET Study.

Hypoparathyroidism is an orphan disease with ill-defined epidemiology that is subject to geographic variability. We conducted this study to assess the demographics, etiologic distribution, treatment patterns and complication frequency of patients with chronic hypoparathyroidism in Turkey. This is a retrospective, cross-sectional database study, with collaboration of 30 endocrinology centers located in 20 cities across seven geographical regions of Turkey.

Hypothalamic Energy Regulatory Peptides in Chronic Kidney Disease.

Loss of appetite affects one-third of patients with CKD and is the leading cause of malnutrition in this population. Orexigenic Agouti-related peptide (AgRP) with neuropeptide-Y (NPY) and anorexigenic melanocyte-stimulating hormone-α (MSH-α) with cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) are known to regulate appetite. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the levels of these peptides in CKD patients compared to healthy subjects and demonstrate the effects of dialysis treatment and erythropoiesis-stimulating agent (ESA) therapy.

An international survey on hypoglycemia among insulin-treated type I and type II diabetes patients: Turkey cohort of the non-interventional IO HAT study.

Background: Limited real-world data are currently available on hypoglycemia in diabetes patients. The International Operations Hypoglycemia Assessment Tool (IO HAT) study was designed to estimate hypoglycemia in insulin-treated type I (T1DM) and type II (T2DM) diabetes mellitus patients from 9 countries. The data from Turkey cohort are presented here.

Effects of 2100 MHz radio frequency radiation on ductus epididymis tissue in rats.

Purpose: The use of mobile phones is widespread since the beginning of 1990s. A great debate exists about the possible damage that the Radio Frequency - RF radiation from mobile phones exerts on different organs. The objective of this study was to investigate the possible histopathological effects of 2100 MHz RF radiation on rat ductus epididymis tissue using a light microscopy and immunohistochemical method after one or two month exposure.

Investigation of glucocorticoid receptor and calpain-10 gene polymorphisms in Turkish patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Background/aim: We proposed to investigate the role of calpain-10 (CAPN10) gene single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-19 and SNP-44 and glucocorticoid receptor (NR3C1) gene N363S polymorphisms in Turkish patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).Materials and methods: Peripheral blood samples were obtained from 125 patients with T2DM and 112 healthy volunteers. Genotyping was carried out by the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method.

Irisin and Myostatin Levels in Patients with Graves' Disease.

Background And Aims: Skeletal muscle system, which is one of the primary targets for thyroid hormones, has an important role in energy metabolism. Some myokines such as irisin and myostatin have considerable effects on energy metabolism in addition to the musculoskeletal system. Our aim was to investigate circulating irisin and myostatin levels in patients with Graves' Disease (GD).

GDF-15 and Hepcidin Levels in Nonanemic Patients with Impaired Glucose Tolerance.

Aims. Growth Differentiation Factor-15 (GDF-15) has been suggested as one of the regulators of hepcidin, an important regulatory peptide for iron deposition. Current data is conflicting about the relationship between hepcidin and disorders of glucose metabolism.

THYROID MALIGNANCY RISK OF INCIDENTAL THYROID NODULES IN PATIENTS WITH NON-THYROID CANCER.

Context: Thyroid incidentaloma is a common disorder in endocrinology practice. Current literature regarding the risk of thyroid cancer in incidentalomas found in patients with non-thyroid cancer is limited.

Objective: The aim of the present study was to investigate the frequency of thyroid malignancy in thyroid incidentalomas detected in patients with non-thyroid cancer.

A Case With Immunoassay Interferences in the Measurement of Multiple Hormones.

Context: Commonly used immunoassays are not free from interference, which can be a confounder in the interpretation of test results. We present a case with extremely high multiple hormone levels due to such interference.

Case Description: A 33-year-old woman with no specific symptoms had markedly elevated TSH with normal free T4 and free T3 levels.

Evaluation of selenium levels and mean platelet volume in patients with simple febrile convulsion.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate serum selenium levels and mean platelet volume in children who experience simple febrile convulsion.

Methods: The study comprised 42 patients diagnosed with simple febrile convulsions and a control group of 30 healthy children. Blood samples were taken following a febrile convulsion.