Temporal Trends in the Epidemiology of HIV in Turkey.

Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze the temporal trends of HIV epidemiology in Turkey from 2011 to 2016.

Methods: Thirty-four teams from 28 centers at 17 different cities participated in this retrospective study. Participating centers were asked to complete a structured form containing questions about epidemiologic, demographic and clinical characteristics of patients presented with new HIV diagnosis between 2011 and 2016.

Awareness of Migraine Among Primary Care Physicians in Turkey: A Regional Study.

Introduction: Migraine is a primary headache that involves genetic and environmental factors. In studies conducted in different countries, migraine was shown to be underdiagnosed, treated insufficiently, and highly related to disability. The primary aim of this study was to identify the competence in making a diagnosis of migraine by primary care physicians who provide basic health care to patients.

Potential Risk Factors for In-Hospital Mortality in Patients with Moderate-to-Severe Blunt Multiple Trauma Who Survive Initial Resuscitation.

Introduction: The aim was to identify risk factors that influence in-hospital mortality for patients with moderate-to-severe blunt multiple trauma (BMT) who survive initial resuscitation.

Methods: The prospective study involved 195 adult patients with BMT who were admitted to a referral hospital's emergency department (ED) between May 1, 2015, and May 31, 2016.

Results: Forty-three (22%) of the 195 patients died in hospital.

Daptomycin vs. glycopeptides in the treatment of febrile neutropenia: results of the Izmir matched cohort study.

Purpose: In this multicentre, retrospective, matched cohort study we aimed to evaluate the outcomes of neutropenic fever cases that were treated with daptomycin or a glycopeptide (vancomycin or teicoplanin).

Methods: Data and outcomes of adult (aged > 18-years old) patients with neutropenic fever [(1) without clinical and radiological evidence of pneumonia, (2) who were treated with daptomycin or a glycopeptide (teicoplanin or vancomycin) for any reason and for at least 72 h] were extracted from the hospital databases. Matching was performed with all of the three following criteria: (1) underlying disease, (2) reason for starting daptomycin or glycopeptide (microbiologic evidence vs.

Assessment of the effectiveness of a ventilator associated pneumonia prevention bundle that contains endotracheal tube with subglottic drainage and cuff pressure monitorization.

The effectiveness of prevention bundles on the occurrence and mortality of ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP) was evaluated in many studies. However, the effectiveness of endotracheal tube with subglottic secretion drainage (ETT-SD) and cuff pressure monitorization in VAP bundles have not been adequately assessed. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of VAP bundle containing ETT-SD and cuff pressure monitorization.

[Investigation of beta-lactamase genes and clonal relationship among the extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producing nosocomial Escherichia coli isolates].

Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing microorganisms currently cause a major problem. Among theseCTX-M beta-lactamase producing Escherichia coli has also disseminated worldwide as an important cause of both nosocomial and community-acquired infections. The aims of this study were to determine the prevalence of the beta-lactamase genes, antibiotic susceptibilities and clonal relationships of ESBL-producing nosocomial E.

A rare disease in the differential diagnosis of acute pancreatitis: acute brucellosis.

Some infectious organisms may give rise to acute pancreatitis; brucellosis, however, extremely rarely leads to acute pancreatitis. A 40-year-old man was diagnosed with acute pancreatitis, the etiology of which was determined to be acute brucellosis. The patient was discharged without complications approximately 15 days after the initiation of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and doxycycline treatment.

Diagnosis of chronic brucellar meningitis and meningoencephalitis: the results of the Istanbul-2 study.

No detailed data exist in the literature on the accurate diagnosis of chronic brucellar meningitis or meningoencephalitis. A multicentre retrospective chart review was performed at 19 health centres to determine sensitivities of the diagnostic tests. This study included 177 patients.

An uncommon case of acute brucellosis presenting with severe thrombocytopenia.

A 49-year-old man was admitted to the hospital with complaints of fatigue, epistaxis and a skin rash. The whole blood count revealed isolated thrombocytopenia (4,000/mL), and the patient was admitted to the hematology department with a diagnosis of immune thrombocytopenia. He did not respond to steroid treatment for 15 days, and a subfebrile fever developed during this period.

Increased membrane turnover in the brain in cutaneous anthrax without central nervous system disorder: a magnetic resonance spectroscopy study.

Cutaneous anthrax, caused by Bacillus anthracis contacting the skin, is the most common form of human anthrax. Recent studies implicate the presence of additional, possibly toxin-related subtle changes, even in patients without neurological or radiological findings. In this study, the presence of subtle changes in cutaneous anthrax was investigated at the metabolite level using magnetic resonance spectroscopy.

Association of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and Behcet's disease: is there a relationship? A multi-national case series.

Neurological involvement may be seen in 5-30% of the patients with Behcet's disease (BD). Occasionally, parenchymal neurological involvement in BD can present as a spinal cord syndrome. However, motor neuron disease-like presentation is extremely uncommon.

Efficacy and tolerability of antibiotic combinations in neurobrucellosis: results of the Istanbul study.

No data on whether brucellar meningitis or meningoencephalitis can be treated with oral antibiotics or whether an intravenous extended-spectrum cephalosporin, namely, ceftriaxone, which does not accumulate in phagocytes, should be added to the regimen exist in the literature. The aim of a study conducted in Istanbul, Turkey, was to compare the efficacy and tolerability of ceftriaxone-based antibiotic treatment regimens with those of an oral treatment protocol in patients with these conditions. This retrospective study enrolled 215 adult patients in 28 health care institutions from four different countries.

Outbreak of adenovirus serotype 8 conjunctivitis in preterm infants in a neonatal intensive care unit.

Background: Adenovirus keratoconjunctivitis outbreaks have rarely been reported in preterm infants. An outbreak of adenovirus conjunctivitis occurred between 15 January and 25 February at a neonatal intensive care unit of a university hospital in Turkey.

Aim: To describe the evolution, investigation and management of the outbreak.

A new diagnostic scoring for discrimination of tuberculous and bacterial meningitis on the basis of clinical and laboratory findings.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to develop a new diagnostic index (DI) on the basis of clinical and laboratory findings including serum C-reactive protein (CRP) for tuberculous meningitis (TM) and bacterial meningitis (BM).

Subjects And Methods: During a 7-year period, 96 adult patients with meningitis (30 with TM and 66 with BM) were studied retrospectively. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to investigate the diagnostic value of clinical and laboratory parameters as independent predictors on discrimination of tuberculous from BM patients.

[Investigation of the susceptibilities of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella spp. strains to ertapenem and other carbapenems].

Infections caused by extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella spp. constitute severe problems. Carbapenems are commonly used to treat these infections.

Cerebrospinal fluid viscosity: a novel diagnostic measure for acute meningitis.

Introduction: Early diagnosis of acute meningitis has paramount importance in clinical practice because of mortality and morbidity of the disease. Examination of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) has critical value for the diagnosis of acute meningitis and discrimination of bacterial and aseptic meningitis. It has been previously reported that plasma viscosity can be used as an inflammatory marker.

Ciprofloxacin-induced urticaria and tenosynovitis: a case report.

Background: Tendon disorders are rare events associated with fluoroquinolone congestion. Skin reactions are more frequent than tendon disorders. We reported this case as the combination of ciprofloxacin-induced urticaria and tenosynovitis has been unreported in young women.

Magnetic resonance spectroscopy features of normal-appearing white matter in patients with acute brucellosis.

We aimed to evaluate whether the subtle metabolic cerebral changes are present in normal-appearing white matter on conventional MRI, in patients with acute brucellosis, by using MR spectroscopy (MRS). Sixteen patients with acute brucellosis and 13 healthy control subjects were investigated with conventional MRI and single-voxel MRS. Voxels were placed in normal-appearing parietal white matter (NAPWM).

Role of pleural viscosity in the differential diagnosis of exudative pleural effusion.

Objective And Background: Determining the aetiology of an effusion involves assessing if it is an exudate or a transudate. However, a reliable test for determining the aetiology of a pleural effusion is lacking. Pleural viscosity has a high sensitivity and specificity and a high positive and negative predictive value for discriminating exudative and transudative pleural effusions.

Brucellar breast abscess.

Brucellosis is an endemic disease seen in many countries. It may affect different organ systems. Brucellar breast abscess is a rare entity.

FMRI of working memory in patients with mild cognitive impairment and probable Alzheimer's disease.

The goals of this study were to evaluate brain activation in patients with probable Alzheimer's disease (AD), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and controls while performing a working memory (WM) task. Eleven AD patients, ten MCI subjects, and nine controls underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) while performing a visual WM task. Statistical parametric maps of brain activation were obtained in each group, and group activation difference maps were generated.

Spatio-temporal analysis of auditory cortex activation as detected with silent event related fMRI.

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) allows neuroscientists to assess brain function by evaluating haemodynamic activity (blood flow) when a stimulus is present or absent. In clinical practice, the hearing levels of individuals are determined using an audiometer that allows presentation of a pure-tone of specific intensity and frequency. Functional images of the auditory nervous system have been obtained using stimuli such as pure-tone, speech, noise, etc.

Increased levels of soluble adhesion molecules E-selectin and P-selectin in patients with cardiac syndrome X.

The role of endothelial dysfunction and platelet activation in patients with cardiac syndrome X is controversial. The aim of this study was to investigate the plasma levels of circulating E- and P-selectin molecules in patients with syndrome X. The study included 21 patients with cardiac syndrome X (11 men and 10 women, mean age = 56 +/- 5 years) and 20 patients with significant coronary artery disease who had stable angina pectoris (11 men and 9 women, mean age = 60 +/- 8 years).

Silent functional magnetic resonance imaging (FMRI) of tonotopicity and stimulus intensity coding in human primary auditory cortex.

Objectives: The aims of this study were to determine the feasibility of obtaining auditory cortex activation evoked by pure tones presented at threshold and suprathreshold hearing levels, to evaluate tonotopicity of the primary auditory cortex, and to determine the effect of stimulus intensity on auditory cortex activation using silent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).

Methods: Sixteen subjects with normal hearing underwent silent fMRI. An audiometer was used to deliver pure tones of 1000, 2000, and 4000 Hz to the left ear.

Changes in plasma levels of adhesion molecules after percutaneous mitral balloon valvuloplasty.

Background: Adhesion molecules are expressed on vascular endothelium and on immune and inflammatory cells. Recently increased levels of adhesion molecules have been shown in patients with rheumatic mitral stenosis. This study examined the serum levels of the adhesion molecules intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1), and E-selectin in patients with rheumatic mitral stenosis and the effects of percutaneous mitral balloon valvuloplasty (PMBV) on these adhesion molecules.