The determinants for death in hospital following moderate to severe traumatic brain injury in Australia.

Objectives: To establish the determinants of death in hospital for patients with moderate to severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) in Australia.

Design, Setting, Participants: Retrospective analysis of Australia New Zealand Trauma Registry (ANZTR) data. Cases were included if they presented to a participating hospital between 1 July 2015 and 30 June 2020 and had an Abbreviated Injury Severity (AIS) score - head greater than 2.

Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Situ Achieves Tumor Clearance in More Mohs Stages Than Invasive Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

Background: Squamous cell carcinoma in situ (SCCIS) has more subclinical lateral extension than invasive squamous cell carcinomas (SCC).

Objective: To determine whether it takes a greater number of Mohs stages for clearance of SCCIS compared with SCC and whether the difference in final defect size and clinical size is larger in SCCIS than SCC.

Methods: All Mohs micrographic surgery cases of SCCIS and SCC performed between January 2011 and December 2021 were identified.

Review article: Feasibility of brachiocephalic vein central venous access for the resuscitation of shocked adult trauma patients: A literature review.

Venous access is a key component of managing haemorrhagic shock. Obtaining intravenous access in trauma patients is challenging due to circulatory collapse in shock. This literature review examines the feasibility of direct puncture and cannulation of the brachiocephalic veins (BCVs) for intravenous access in shocked adult trauma patients.

Hospitalisations and in-hospital deaths following moderate to severe traumatic brain injury in Australia, 2015-20: a registry data analysis for the Australian Traumatic Brain Injury National Data (ATBIND) project.

Objective: To describe the frequency of hospitalisation and in-hospital death following moderate to severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) in Australia, both overall and by patient demographic characteristics and the nature and severity of the injury.

Design, Setting: Cross-sectional study; analysis of Australia New Zealand Trauma Registry data.

Participants: People with moderate to severe TBI (Abbreviated Injury Score [head] greater than 2) who were admitted to or died in one of the twenty-three major Australian trauma services that contributed data to the ATR throughout the study period, 1 July 2015 - 30 June 2020.

Well-Being and Professional Fulfillment in Mohs Surgeons: An Explanatory Sequential Mixed-Method Design Study.

Background: There are limited data evaluating specific themes of well-being and professional fulfillment in Mohs surgeons.

Objective: To identify factors that drive occupational distress and those that promote well-being and professional fulfillment among Mohs surgeons.

Methods: This is an explanatory sequential mixed-method study, using semistructured individual interviews.

Multi-disciplinary, simulation-based, standardised trauma team training within the Victorian State Trauma System.

Objective: Inconsistency in the structure and function of team-based major trauma reception and resuscitation is common. A standardised trauma team training programme was initiated to improve quality and consistency among trauma teams across a large, mature trauma system. The aim of this manuscript is to outline the programme and report on the initial perception of participants.

The Australian Traumatic Brain Injury National Data (ATBIND) project: a mixed methods study protocol.

Background: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is the largest contributor to death and disability in people who have experienced physical trauma. There are no national data on outcomes for people with moderate to severe TBI in Australia.

Objectives: To determine the incidence and key determinants of outcomes for patients with moderate to severe TBI, both for Australia and for selected population subgroups, including Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians.

Pleural decompression procedural safety for traumatic pneumothorax and haemothorax: Kelly clamps versus fine artery forceps.

Objective: The present study aimed to determine the difference in force required to puncture simulated pleura comparing Kelly clamps to fine artery forceps. The treatment of symptomatic traumatic pneumothorax and haemothorax involves puncture of the parietal pleura to allow decompression. This is usually performed using Kelly clamps or fine artery forceps.

Paradoxical carbon dioxide embolism during laparoscopic hepatectomy without intracardiac shunt: A case report.

Background: Laparoscopic hepatectomy has recently become popular because it results in less bleeding than open hepatectomy. However, CO embolism occurs more frequently. Most CO embolisms during laparoscopic surgery are self-resolving and non-symptomatic; however, severe CO embolism may cause hypotension, cyanosis, arrhythmia, and cardiovascular collapse.

TMI-1, TNF-α-Converting Enzyme Inhibitor, Protects Against Paclitaxel-Induced Neurotoxicity in the DRG Neuronal Cells .

Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) negatively impacts cancer survivors' quality of life and is challenging to treat with existing drugs for neuropathic pain. TNF-α is known to potentiate TRPV1 activity, which contributes to CIPN. Here, we assessed the role of TMI-1, a TNF-α-converting enzyme inhibitor, in paclitaxel (PAC)-induced neurotoxicity in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) cells.

An initial Glasgow Coma Scale score of 8 or less does not define severe brain injury.

The wide-spread use of an initial 'Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) 8 or less' to define and dichotomise 'severe' from 'mild' or 'moderate' traumatic brain injury (TBI) is an out-dated research heuristic that has become an epidemiological convenience transfixing clinical care. Triaging based on GCS can delay the care of patients who have rapidly evolving injuries. Sole reliance on the initial GCS can therefore provide a false sense of security to caregivers and fail to provide timely care for patients presenting with GCS greater than 8.

Loose scrotal wound edge approximation in the setting of pyoderma gangrenosum after COVID-19 infection.

Pyoderma gangrenosum (PG) is a rare autoinflammatory skin disease characterized by recurrent ulcers. It is a diagnosis of exclusion and treatment can be challenging due to limited evidence-based therapies. While surgical management is typically avoided due to the risk of pathergy, it can be warranted in specific cases.

Emergency physicians' experience of stress during resuscitation and strategies for mitigating the effects of stress on performance.

Objective: This study explored the perspectives and behaviours of emergency physicians (EPs), regularly involved in resuscitation, to identify the sources and effects of any stress experienced during a resuscitation as well as the strategies employed to deal with these stressors.

Methods: This was a two-centre sequential exploratory mixed-methods study of EPs consisting of a focus group, exploring the human factors related to resuscitation, and an anonymous survey. Between April and June 2020, the online survey was distributed to all EPs working at Australia's largest two major trauma centres, both in Melbourne, and investigated sources of stress during resuscitation, impact of stress on performance, mitigation strategies used, impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on stress and stress management training received.

Adjuvant radiotherapy may not significantly change outcomes in high-risk cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas with clear surgical margins: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: The role of adjuvant radiotherapy for high-risk cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas after surgery with negative margins is unclear.

Objective: To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis examining the risk of poor outcomes for patients treated with surgery alone versus surgery and adjuvant radiotherapy.

Methods: A comprehensive search of articles was executed in PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Database.

Randomised controlled trial in cadavers investigating methods for intubation via a supraglottic airway device: Comparison of flexible airway scope guided versus a retrograde technique.

Objective: A supraglottic airway device (SAD) may be utilised for rescue re-oxygenation following a failed attempt at endotracheal intubation with direct or video laryngoscopy. However, the choice of subsequent method to secure a definitive airway is not clearly established. The aim of the present study was to compare two techniques for securing a definitive airway via the in-situ SAD.

Acute lower extremity arterial thrombosis after intraocular foreign body removal under general anesthesia: A case report and review of literature.

Background: Surgery, which is a major risk factor for venous thrombosis, has rarely been considered a risk factor for arterial thrombosis. Recent studies have suggested that venous and arterial thromboses share common risk factors and have a bidirectional relationship. Accordingly, there is a growing interest in the risk of arterial thrombosis after surgery.

Transient involuntary movement disorder after spinal anesthesia: A case report.

Background: Spinal anesthesia is commonly used for various surgeries. While many complications occur after induction of spinal anesthesia, involuntary movement is an extremely rare complication.

Case Summary: Herein, we report the case of a 54-year-old healthy male patient who experienced involuntary movements after intrathecal injection of local anesthetics.

Establishing determinants and quality indicators for getting home alive following moderate to severe traumatic brain injury: the Australian Traumatic Brain Injury National Data Project.

Moderate to severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) contributes to a significant burden across Australia. However, the data required to inform targeted equitable system-level improvements in emergency TBI care do not exist. The incidence and determinants of outcomes following moderate to severe TBI in Australia remain unknown.

Photographic representation of skin tones in three dermatology journals.

Although ethnic diversity is rising in the United States, educational resources continue to lag behind, as evidenced by prior studies highlighting limited skin of color representation in dermatology resources. The objective of this study was to evaluate the representation of skin tones in three dermatology journals commonly used in resident education and journal clubs. Overall, 5.

Comparing methods to secure a tracheal tube placed via a surgical cricothyroidotomy: a randomised controlled study in cadavers.

Objective: In the 'can't intubate can't oxygenate' scenario, techniques to achieve front of neck access to the airway have been described in the literature but there is a lack of guidance on the optimal method for securing the tracheal tube (TT) placed during this procedure. The aim of this study was to compare three different methods of securing a TT to prevent extubation following a surgical cricothyroidotomy.

Methods: A randomised controlled trial was undertaken.

Statins: Neurobiological underpinnings and mechanisms in mood disorders.

Statins (3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase inhibitors) treat dyslipidaemia and cardiovascular disease by inhibiting cholesterol biosynthesis. They also have immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory properties. Beyond cardiovascular disease, cholesterol and inflammation appear to be components of the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric disorders.

Burnout and resiliency in Mohs surgeons: A survey study.

Background: Physician burnout is a response to chronic work stress characterized by emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and reduced sense of personal accomplishment. Resiliency is the ability to respond to chronic stress in a healthy and adaptive manner. No prior studies have specifically examined the prevalence of burnout and resilience in Mohs surgeons.