Ghrelin, leptin, adiponectin, and resistin levels in sleep apnea syndrome: Role of obesity.

Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship among plasma leptin, ghrelin, adiponectin, resistin levels, and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS).

Methods: Fifty-five consecutive newly diagnosed OSAS patients and 15 age-matched nonapneic controls were enrolled in this study. After sleep study between 8:00 AM and 9:00 AM on the morning, venous blood was obtained in the fasting state to measure ghrelin and adipokines.

Assessment of bone mineral density and risk factors in children completing treatment for acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

Background: Reduced bone mineral density and increased fracture risk have been reported in children with cancer. In this study, we aimed to determine the growth and bone mineral density (BMD) of the children off chemotherapy for acute lymphoblastic leukemia, and the probable risk factors.

Procedure: The age, anthropometric measurements, lumbar spine BMDs were recorded in 70 children.

Choline or CDP-choline alters serum lipid responses to endotoxin in dogs and rats: involvement of the peripheral nicotinic acetylcholine receptors.

We showed previously that choline administration protects dogs from endotoxin-induced multiple organ injury and platelet dysfunctions. Because sepsis/endotoxemia is associated with alterations in lipid metabolism, we have investigated whether choline or cytidine-5'-diphosphate choline, a choline donor, alters serum lipid responses to endotoxin in dogs and rats. In response to endotoxin, serum concentrations of triglycerides, choline-containing phospholipids, total cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol increased in a dose- and time-related manner.

Choline, CDP-choline or phosphocholine increases plasma glucagon in rats: involvement of the peripheral autonomic nervous system.

The present study was designed to test the effects of choline, cytidine-5'-diphosphocholine (CDP-choline) and phosphocholine on plasma glucagon concentrations in rats. Intraperitoneal (i.p.

Evaluation of platelet count and its association with plateletcrit, mean platelet volume, and platelet size distribution width in a canine model of endotoxemia.

Background: Platelets are of great importance in the pathogenesis of endotoxemia. Although thrombocytopenia is used as a diagnostic sign of endotoxemia, changes in values for platelet indices (plateletcrit [PCT], mean platelet volume [MPV], and platelet size distribution width [PDW]) in response to endotoxin are still unknown.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate platelet count and its relations with platelet indices in a canine model of endotoxemia.

Central choline suppresses plasma renin response to graded haemorrhage in rats.

Central administration of choline increases blood pressure in normotensive and hypotensive states by increasing plasma concentrations of vasopressin and catecholamines. We hypothesized that choline could also modulate the renin-angiotensin pathway, the third main pressor system in the body. Plasma renin activity (PRA), which serves as an index of the function of the peripheral renin-angiotensin system, was determined in rats subjected to graded haemorrhage following central choline administration.

Endotoxin increases plasma leptin and ghrelin levels in dogs.

Objective: Evaluations of plasma leptin and ghrelin levels and their relations with circulating levels of proinflammatory mediators, stress hormones, and biochemical markers of hepatorenal injury during experimental endotoxemia in dogs.

Setting: Uludag University.

Design: Placebo-controlled animal study.

Peripheral administration of CDP-choline and its cholinergic metabolites increases serum insulin: muscarinic and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors are both involved in their actions.

The present study was designed to test the effects of CDP-choline and its metabolites on serum insulin concentrations in rats and to investigate the involvements of cholinergic and adrenergic receptors in the effect. Intraperitoneal (i.p.

Resistin is present in human breast milk and it correlates with maternal hormonal status and serum level of C-reactive protein.

Background: The main objectives of our study were to determine whether resistin was present in human breast milk and to assess resistin status in breast milk and serum in breastfeeding women for up to 180 days post-partum.

Methods: Blood and breast milk samples were collected from 160 breastfeeding women enrolled on 1-3, 4-14, 15-30, 31-90 or 91-180 post-partum days. Blood samples were collected from 48 breast-fed infants at 8-24 days after birth.

Active and total ghrelin concentrations increase in breast milk during lactation.

Aim: To assess ghrelin status in breast milk and maternal serum for up to 180 days during lactation and to determine relationships between the concentrations of ghrelin in mother's milk and in serum of breastfed infants.

Methods: Blood and breast milk samples were collected from 159 breastfeeding women enrolled either in the first 3 days, or in days 4-14, 15-30, 31-90 and 91-180 postpartum. Blood samples were also collected from 49 breastfed infants at 4-30 days of age.

Cardiovascular effects of CDP-choline and its metabolites: involvement of peripheral autonomic nervous system.

Intraperitoneal administration of CDP-choline (200-900 micromol/kg) increased blood pressure and decreased heart rate of rats in a dose- and time-dependent manner. These responses were accompanied by elevated serum concentrations of CDP-choline and its metabolites phosphocholine, choline, cytidine monophosphate and cytidine. Blood pressure increased by intraperitoneal phosphocholine (200-900 micromol/kg), while it decreased by choline (200-600 micromol/kg) administration; phosphocholine or choline administration (up to 600 micromol/kg) decreased heart rate.

Low level of IGF-1 in obesity may be related to obstructive sleep apnea syndrome.

The aim of this study was to compare serum insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1) levels in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) with those of nonapneic controls and to determine the risk factors of low IGF-1 levels in patients with OSAS. The study included 39 newly diagnosed moderate-to-severe OSAS patients and 36 nonapneic controls. Overnight polysomnography (PSG) was performed in all patients.

Relationship between serum substance P levels and daytime sleepiness in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome.

Objective: We hypothesized that intermittent hypoxia might influence serum substance P levels, and that this effect might in turn contribute in excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS).

Patients And Methods: Fifty-five patients with newly diagnosed OSAS and 15 age-matched nonapneic control subjects were enrolled in this study. Full polysomnography was performed in all patients.

Frequency of mutated allele CYP2D6*4 in the Turkish population.

The frequency of functionally important mutations and alleles of the gene coding for CYP2D6 shows wide ethnic variations. The present study aimed to determine the most common mutated allele CYP2D6*4 gene in a Turkish population of 100 unrelated subjects, by using real-time PCR with fluorescent probe. CYP2D6*4 allele was not detected in 62 subjects (62%).

Leptin concentration in breast milk and its relationship to duration of lactation and hormonal status.

Background: Leptin, a hormone present in breast milk, is involved in energy regulation and metabolism. The objectives of this study were to assess leptin concentrations in breast milk during the first 180 days postpartum, and to determine the relationship between the concentrations of milk leptin and circulating hormone levels in lactating women.

Methods: Between April 2005 and January 2006, blood and breast milk samples were collected from 160 breastfeeding women enrolled either in the first three days (n = 37; colostrum), days 4-14 (n = 27; transitional milk), days 15-30 (n = 16; early mature milk), days 31-90 (n = 37; mature milk) or days 91-180 (n = 43; late mature milk) postpartum.

Serum leptin and ghrelin levels in response to methylprednisolone injection in healthy dogs.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of methylprednisolone treatment on serum leptin and ghrelin levels in healthy dogs (n=40). After 14 h of fasting, the dogs were injected intramuscularly with saline (control group) or methylprednisolone (1, 5 or 10mg/kg). Blood samples were collected prior to (baseline) and 2, 3, 4, 8, 12 and 24h subsequent to the treatments.

Use of total patient data for indirect estimation of reference intervals for 40 clinical chemical analytes in Turkey.

In the present study we used patient data to calculate laboratory-specific indirect reference intervals. These values were compared with reference intervals obtained for a healthy group according to recommendations of the International Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine and manufacturer suggestions. Laboratory results (422,919 records) from all subjects of 18-45 years of age over a 1-year period were retrieved from our laboratory information system and indirect reference intervals for 40 common analytes were estimated using a modified Bhattacharya procedure.

Elevation of serum cerebral injury markers correlates with serum choline decline after coronary artery bypass grafting surgery.

The aims of this study were to determine circulating choline status and its relationship to circulating levels of S-100beta protein and neuron-specific enolase, biochemical markers of cerebral injury and cognitive decline, after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery. Preoperatively, patients scheduled for off-pump or on-pump CABG surgery had serum concentrations of 12.0+/-0.

Intravenous administration of choline or cdp-choline improves platelet count and platelet closure times in endotoxin-treated dogs.

This study was performed to assess the effects of intravenous choline chloride and cytidine-5'-diphosphate choline (CDP-choline) treatments on circulating platelet, white blood cell, and red blood cell counts and platelet functions in response to endotoxin. Saline (0.2 mL/kg), choline chloride (20 mg/kg), or CDP-choline (70 mg/kg) were given intravenously three times at 4-h intervals, and endotoxemia was induced by endotoxin (E.

Endotoxin alters serum-free choline and phospholipid-bound choline concentrations, and choline administration attenuates endotoxin-induced organ injury in dogs.

This study in dogs was performed to assess circulating choline status during endotoxemia and to determine whether choline administration can protect dogs from endotoxin-induced tissue injuries. Baseline serum-free and phospholipid-bound choline concentrations were 19.2 +/- 0.

Investigation of diagnostic importance of platelet closure times measured by Platelet Function Analyzer--PFA 100 in dogs with endotoxemia.

This study was performed to evaluate the diagnostic importance of the platelet closure times measured by the Platelet Function Analyzer (PFA-100) in dogs with endotoxemia. E. coli endotoxin was given intravenously once, at the dose of 0.

Choline status in newborns, infants, children, breast-feeding women, breast-fed infants and human breast milk.

This study assessed the choline status in newborns, infants, children, breast-feeding women, breast milk, infant formula, breast-fed and formula-fed infants. The serum free choline level was 35.1+/-1.

Vitamin a deficiency in patients with common variable immunodeficiency.

Vitamin A, a naturally occuring antioxidant micronutrient, has immunomodulating effect in patients with immunodeficiency, including an influence on cytokine production and lymphocyte growth and functions. Vitamin A deficiency is associated with a shift from type 2 cytokines to predominantly type 1 cytokines. The aims of this study were to determine Vitamin A status in Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) patients and the relationship between Vitamin A status and cytokines production.

Declines in serum free and bound choline concentrations in humans after three different types of major surgery.

We examined the changes in circulating choline status in humans in response to major surgery by measuring serum free and phospholipid-bound choline concentrations before, during and 1-72 h after total abdominal hysterectomy, off-pump coronary artery graft surgery or brain tumor surgery. Preoperatively, the mean serum free and phospholipid-bound choline concentrations in patients scheduled for abdominal hysterectomy (n = 26), off-pump coronary artery grafting surgery (n = 34) or brain tumor surgery (n = 24) were 12.3 +/- 0.

Serum free and phospholipid-bound choline decrease after surgery and methylprednisolone administration in dogs.

We designed this study to determine whether serum free and phospholipid-bound choline concentrations change after surgery or methylprednisolone treatment in dogs and rats. In dogs, serum free and phospholipid-bound choline concentrations were decreased by 29% and 17% immediately after abdominal-pelvic surgery under xylasine+ketamine anesthesia, respectively, and both remained low for 24 h. Serum cortisol was elevated after surgery.