Oral administration of NPC43 counters hyperglycemia and activates insulin receptor in streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetic mice.

Introduction: Adenosine, 5'-Se-methyl-5'-seleno-,2',3'-diacetate (NPC43) is a recently identified small, non-peptidyl molecule which restores normal insulin signaling in a mouse model of type 2 diabetes (Lan ). The present study investigated the ability of NPC43 as an oral and injectable insulin-replacing agent to activate insulin receptor (INSR) and counter hyperglycemia in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type 1 diabetic (T1D) mice.

Research Design And Methods: In this study, STZ was intraperitoneally injected into wild-type mice to induce hyperglycemia and hypoinsulinemia, the main features of T1D.

Non-peptidyl small molecule, adenosine, 5'-Se-methyl-5'-seleno-, 2',3'-diacetate, activates insulin receptor and attenuates hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetic Lepr mice.

The pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) is characterized by reduced or absent insulin receptor (INSR) responsiveness to its ligand, elevated hepatic glucose output and impaired glucose uptake in peripheral tissues, particularly skeletal muscle. Treatments to reduce hyperglycemia and reestablish normal insulin signaling are much sought after. Any agent which could be orally administered to restore INSR function, in an insulin-independent manner, would have major implications for the management of this global disease.

The novel chemical entity YTR107 inhibits recruitment of nucleophosmin to sites of DNA damage, suppressing repair of DNA double-strand breaks and enhancing radiosensitization.

Purpose: Radiation therapy continues to be an important therapeutic strategy for providing definitive local/regional control of human cancer. However, oncogenes that harbor driver mutations and/or amplifications can compromise therapeutic efficacy. Thus, there is a need for novel approaches that enhance the DNA damage produced by ionizing radiation.

Synthesis and in vitro screening of novel N-benzyl aplysinopsin analogs as potential anticancer agents.

A series of novel substituted (Z)-5-((1-benzyl-1H-indol-3-yl)methylene)imidazolidin-2,4-diones (3a-f) and (Z)-5-((1-benzyl-1H-indol-3-yl)methylene)-2-iminothiazolidin-4-ones (3g-o) have been synthesized utilizing microwave irradiation. These analogs were evaluated for in vitro cytotoxicity against a panel of 60 human tumor cell lines. Compound 3i exhibits potent growth inhibition against melanoma UACC-257 (GI(50)=13.

In vitro permeation of a pegylated naltrexone prodrug across microneedle-treated skin.

Microneedles (MN) are a useful tool for increasing skin permeability to xenobiotics. Previous research showed marked improvement in the percutaneous flux of naltrexone (NTX) hydrochloride by the use of MN skin pretreatment alone; however, for better therapeutic effect, further enhancement is desired. The goal of this in vitro study was to combine microneedle skin pretreatment with the use of a highly water-soluble PEGylated naltrexone prodrug (polyethyleneglycol-NTX, PEG-NTX) to investigate its transdermal transport at varying concentrations.

Synthesis and in vitro evaluation of N-alkyl-3-hydroxy-3-(2-imino-3-methyl-5-oxoimidazolidin-4-yl)indolin-2-one analogs as potential anticancer agents.

A series of novel 3-hydroxy-3-(2-imino-3-methyl-5-oxoimidazolidin-4-yl)indolin-2-one analogs (3) have been synthesized under microwave irradiation and conventional heating methods. These analogs were evaluated for in vitro cytotoxicity against a panel of 57 human tumor cell lines. Compound 3o had GI(50) values of 190 nM and 750 nM against A549/ATTC non-small cell lung cancer and LOX IMVI melanoma cell lines, respectively, and both 3n and 3o exhibited GI(50) values ranging from 2 to 5 microM against CCRF-CEM, HL-60(TB), K-562, MOLT-4, and RPMI-8226 leukemia cell lines.

Novel 3-O-pegylated carboxylate and 3-O-pegylated carbamate prodrugs of naltrexone for microneedle-enhanced transdermal delivery.

A small library of novel 3-O-pegylated carboxylate prodrugs (4a-4b) and 3-O-pegylated carbamate prodrugs (9a-9b) of naltrexone were synthesized. The goal behind the design of these prodrugs was to investigate their potential for microneedle-enhanced transdermal delivery. All the synthesized 3-O-pegylated carboxylate prodrugs (4a-4b) and 3-O-pegylated carbamate prodrugs (9a-9b) of naltrexone were found to have adequate stability in a transdermal formulation and improved apparent solubility compared to naltrexone.

Microwave assisted synthesis and in vitro cytotoxicities of substituted (Z)-2-amino-5-(1-benzyl-1H-indol-3-yl)methylene-1-methyl-1H-imidazol-4(5H)-ones against human tumor cell lines.

The synthesis of several novel substituted (Z)-2-amino-5-(1-benzyl-1H-indol-3-yl)methylene-1-methyl-1H-imidazol-4(5H)-ones structurally related to aplysinopsin have been carried out under microwave irradiation and conventional heating methods. The analogs 3a, 3b, 3d-3g,3k and 3l were evaluated for their in vitro cytotoxic activity against an NCI 60 human tumor cell line panel. Compound 3f exhibited good growth inhibitory properties against all but four of the human cancer cell lines examined, and afforded LC(50) values <10microM for 30% of the cell lines in the panel.