When medical trainees encountering a performance difficulty: evidence from pupillary responses.

Background: Medical trainees are required to learn many procedures following instructions to improve their skills. This study aims to investigate the pupillary response of trainees when they encounter moment of performance difficulty (MPD) during skill learning. Detecting the moment of performance difficulty is essential for educators to assist trainees when they need it.

Integrating Eye-Tracking to Augmented Reality System for Surgical Training.

Augmented Reality has been utilized for surgical training. During the implementation, displaying instructional information at the right moment is critical for skill acquisition. We built a new surgical training platform combining augmented reality system (HoloLens, Microsoft) with an eye-tracker (Pupil labs, Germany).