Grape seed proanthocyanidin extract induces apoptotic and autophagic cell death in rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast-like synoviocytes.

Objectives: In this study, we aimed to evaluate the association between grape seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE) and rheumatoid arthritis-fibroblast-like synoviocytes (RA-FLSs) and to investigate whether GSPE induces cell death in RA-FLSs.

Materials And Methods: The FLSs were isolated from RA synovial tissues. Cell viability and cell cycle staging were analyzed using a hemocytometer and flow cytometry.

Near-Infrared-Active Copper Bismuth Oxide Electrodes for Targeted Dissociation of Alzheimer's β-Amyloid Aggregates.

The abnormal accumulation of β-amyloid (Aβ) aggregates in the brain is a major pathological hallmark of Alzheimer's disease. We report a near-infrared (NIR)-active CuBiO-based photocathodic platform that can target intact Aβ aggregates and dissociate them into nontoxic species. Because of its relatively narrow band gap, CuBiO exhibits strong absorption of NIR light, which allows for deeper tissue penetration and causes less photodamage to tissues compared to visible light.