Hypoxic exposure can improve blood glycemic control in high-fat diet-induced obese mice.

Purpose: Blood glucose and insulin resistance were lower following hypoxic exposure in previous studies. However, the effect of hypoxia as therapy in obese model has not been unknown.

Methods: Six-week-old mice were randomly divided into chow diet (n=10) and high-fat diet (HFD) groups (n=20).

Effects of whey protein supplementation prior to, and following, resistance exercise on body composition and training responses: A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study.

Purpose: The composition of protein supplements, the consumption timing immedi¬ately before and after resistance exercise training (RET), and the quantity of protein supplementation may be important factors for the im-provement of muscle mass and function. Although these factors should be considered comprehensively for effective improvement of muscular function in protein supplementation, relatively few studies have focused on this area. Therefore, this study was designed to investigate whether a protein blend supplement before and after resistance exercise for 12 weeks would be effective in increasing muscular function.

The synergistic effect of protein complex supplementation combined with 12 weeks of resistance training on isokinetic muscular function in untrained young males.

Purpose: Resistance exercise training (RET) and an additional intake of dietary protein supplements may improve muscle mass and muscular function, and reduce inflammatory markers. The types, amount, and timing of dietary protein supplements are important for the synergistic effects of resistance training and dietary protein supplements. We hypothesized that a 25.

Uncharacterized Bacterial Structures Revealed by Electron Cryotomography.

Electron cryotomography (ECT) can reveal the native structure and arrangement of macromolecular complexes inside intact cells. This technique has greatly advanced our understanding of the ultrastructure of bacterial cells. We now view bacteria as structurally complex assemblies of macromolecular machines rather than as undifferentiated bags of enzymes.