Revisiting ALK (D5F3) immunohistochemistry: Insights into focal staining and neuroendocrine differentiation.

Background: Screening for anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) rearranged non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is crucial for identifying patients eligible for targeted therapy. The FDA-approved ALK (D5F3) immunohistochemistry (IHC) assay, used with the OptiView Amplification Kit, demonstrates excellent sensitivity and specificity in detecting these patients. However, the clinical significance of resulting focal positivity remains unclear, and ALK (D5F3) expression unrelated to ALK fusion is observed in some cases of neuroendocrine differentiation.

Managing a patient with pulmonary thromboembolic disease presenting with active haemoptysis: a case report.

Background: Pulmonary thromboembolism and active haemoptysis represent distinct yet critical emergencies necessitating immediate intervention. However, the treatment protocols for these conditions-anticoagulation therapy and haemostatic therapy-often pose a dilemma.

Case Summary: We present the case of a 25-year-old female who presented to our emergency room with haemoptysis and a concurrent diagnosis of pulmonary thromboembolism.

U-Shape Pillar Strip for 3D Cell-Lumped Organoid Model (3D-COM) Mimicking Lung Cancer Hypoxia Conditions in High-Throughput Screening (HTS).

Hypoxia is a representative tumor characteristic associated with malignant progression in clinical patients. Engineered in vitro models have led to significant advances in cancer research, allowing for the investigation of cells in physiological environments and the study of disease mechanisms and processes with enhanced relevance. In this study, we propose a U-shape pillar strip for a 3D cell-lumped organoid model (3D-COM) to study the effects of hypoxia on lung cancer in a high-throughput manner.

Prediction of TKI response in EGFR-mutant lung cancer patients-derived organoids using malignant pleural effusion.

Patient-derived organoids (PDOs) are valuable in predicting response to cancer therapy. PDOs are ideal models for precision oncologists. However, their practical application in guiding timely clinical decisions remains challenging.

Enlarging pulmonary cyst: a rare form of alveolar adenoma.

Background: Alveolar adenoma is a rare benign tumour, usually presenting as a peripherally located solid mass, sometimes mimicking malignancy.

Case Presentation: A 37-year-old woman presented with chronic intermittent vague chest discomfort. The chest x-ray showed a simple cyst in the left lower lung field, and serial computed tomography (CT) over the following 2-year period showed rapid growth of the cyst, from 3.

Single-center study on clinicopathological and typical molecular pathologic features of metastatic brain tumor.

Background: The metastatic brain tumor is the most common brain tumor. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the clinicopathological and molecular pathologic features of brain metastases (BM).

Methods: A total of 269 patients were diagnosed with BM through surgical resection at Seoul St.

Radiological and pathological analysis of the galaxy sign in patients with pulmonary mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma.

Background: Pulmonary mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma sometimes presents as large pulmonary nodules composed of small nodular opacities (galaxy sign) on computed tomography (CT). The aim of this study was to assess the presence, usefulness, and pathological characteristics of the galaxy sign on CT of pulmonary MALT lymphoma.

Methods: From January 2011 to December 2021, chest CTs of 43 patients with pulmonary MALT lymphoma were reviewed by two radiologists for the galaxy sign and various other findings.

T1 and T2 Mapping for Characterization of Mediastinal Masses: A Feasibility study.

To evaluate the feasibility and usefulness of T1 and T2 mapping in characterization of mediastinal masses. From August 2019 through December 2021, 47 patients underwent 3.0-T chest MRI with T1 and post-contrast T1 mapping using modified look-locker inversion recovery sequences and T2 mapping using a T2-prepared single-shot shot steady-state free precession technique.

Molecular and immunohistochemical comparison between primary gastrointestinal mucosal melanomas and atypical gastrointestinal stromal tumors.

Background: It is sometimes challenging to differentiate between gastrointestinal (GI) mucosal melanoma and gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) because they share some similarities in histological and molecular features. In this study, we investigated their clinicopathological and molecular features.

Methods: Four primary GI mucosal melanomas and 4 atypical GISTs resected from 2017 to 2019 were included.

18 F-Flutemetamol PET/CT for Transthyretin Amyloid Cardiomyopathy : Timing Matters.

We report 18 F-flutemetamol PET/CT finding in an 88-year-old man with cognitive impairment and transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy. Early phase PET/CT images showed significantly increased myocardial uptake, but there was no myocardial uptake in delayed phase PET/CT images. A dual-time-point amyloid PET/CT imaging may be helpful to diagnose and differentiate subtypes of amyloid cardiomyopathy in patients with suspected cardiac amyloidosis.

Computed Tomography Findings for Predicting Invasiveness of Lung Adenocarcinomas Manifesting as Pure Ground-Glass Nodules.

To comprehensively evaluate qualitative and quantitative features for predicting invasiveness of pure ground-glass nodules (pGGNs) using multiplanar computed tomography. Ninety-three resected pGGNs (16 atypical adenomatous hyperplasia [AAH], 18 adenocarcinoma in situ [AIS], 31 minimally invasive adenocarcinoma [MIA], and 28 invasive adenocarcinoma [IA]) were retrospectively included. Two radiologists analyzed qualitative and quantitative features on three standard planes.

Prognostic Role of Systemic Inflammatory Markers in Patients Undergoing Surgical Resection for Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

Background: A high platelet−lymphocyte ratio (PLR) is a marker of systemic inflammation and, together with the neutrophil−lymphocyte ratio (NLR), is associated with poor outcomes in several cancers. We investigated the prognostic value of PLR and other systemic inflammatory markers, such as NLR, systemic immune-inflammation index (SII), and systemic inflammation response index (SIRI), in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) patients undergoing surgical resection. Methods: We derived PLR, NLR, SII, and SIRI from a retrospective chart review of 269 consecutive OSCC patients.

DeepRePath: Identifying the Prognostic Features of Early-Stage Lung Adenocarcinoma Using Multi-Scale Pathology Images and Deep Convolutional Neural Networks.

The prognosis of patients with lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), especially early-stage LUAD, is dependent on clinicopathological features. However, its predictive utility is limited. In this study, we developed and trained a DeepRePath model based on a deep convolutional neural network (CNN) using multi-scale pathology images to predict the prognosis of patients with early-stage LUAD.

Early risk-assessment of patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma: the added prognostic value of MR-based radiomics.

Objectives: To assess the additive prognostic value of MR-based radiomics in predicting progression-free survival (PFS) in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) METHODS: Patients newly diagnosed with non-metastatic NPC between June 2006 and October 2019 were retrospectively included and randomly grouped into training and test cohorts (7:3 ratio). Radiomic features (n=213) were extracted from T2-weighted and contrast-enhanced T1-weighted MRI. The patients were staged according to the 8 edition of American Joint Committee on Cancer Staging Manual.

The prognostic utility of the histologic subtype of stage I lung adenocarcinoma may be diminished when using only the invasive component to determine tumor size for tumor node metastasis (TNM) staging.

Background: Histologic subtypes were considered prognostic factors in early-stage lung adenocarcinoma in the 7 edition of the tumor node metastasis (TNM) staging system (TNM-7). However, the T-staging system has changed and now measures only the size of the invasive component to determine tumor size. The aim of this study was to determine whether the histologic subtype is still a prognostic factor in the 8 edition of the TNM staging system (TNM-8).

Delayed periprosthetic seroma in a male Poland syndrome patient: A case report.

Rationale: Custom-made implant is an accepted treatment option for treatment of chest deformity in Poland syndrome. Unlike the raised concerns and awareness for the long-term consequences of breast implants, the long-term complications of customized implants for special purposes like Poland syndrome has not been reported in the literature.

Patient Concerns: A 44-year-old male with Poland syndrome presented to our institution complaining of a large bulge and fluctuation on the right chest wall.

Proposal of a scoring system for predicting pathological risk based on a semiautomated analysis of whole slide images in oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Background: The study aimed to evaluate the risk factors based on pathological findings comprehensively in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) using image analysis.

Methods: Scanned images of hematoxylin and eosin-, pan-cytokeratin-, CD3-, and CD8-stained slides of OSCC cases from 256 patients were analyzed, and six variables were obtained including the tumor-stroma ratio, tumor budding per tumor bed area, and tumor infiltrating lymphocytes-associated variables. We determined the "score" of all cases based on the variables, and all cases were classified into low-, intermediate-, and high-risk groups.

Invasive mucinous adenocarcinoma of the lung: Serial CT findings, clinical features, and treatment and survival outcomes.

Background: Invasive mucinous adenocarcinoma (IMA) of the lung is a rare and distinct subtype of adenocarcinoma that can appear as airspace opacities on computed tomography (CT). In daily practice, we have occasionally encountered spontaneous regression of airspace opacities (SRAs) without treatment on serial CTs in patients with IMAs, which has not previously been described in the literature. Here, we describe serial CT findings with emphasis on SRAs in relation to clinicopathological features and treatment outcomes in patients with IMAs.

Peripheral type squamous cell carcinoma of the lung: clinicopathologic characteristics in comparison to the central type.

Background: Squamous cell carcinomas (SqCCs) of the lung are known to arise more often in a central area but reports of peripheral SqCCs have increased, with a pathogenesis that is obscured. In this study, the clinicopathologic characteristics of peripheral lung SqCCs were studied and compared with those of the central type.

Methods: This study included 63 peripheral lung SqCCs and 48 randomly selected central cases; hematoxylin and eosin-stained slides of surgically resected specimens were reviewed in conjunction with radiologic images and clinical history.

Erdheim-Chester Disease Involving Lymph Nodes and Liver Clinically Mimicking Lymphoma: A Case Report.

Erdheim-Chester disease (ECD) is a rare non-Langerhans cell histiocytosis and multisystem disease. First described in 1930, there are no more than 750 cases reported. The etiology remains unknown, but a majority of cases of ECD and Langerhans cell histiocytosis were found to have clonal mutations involving genes of the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway.