Vitamin D2 suppresses amyloid-β 25-35 induced microglial activation in BV2 cells by blocking the NF-κB inflammatory signaling pathway.

Aims: Present emerging world is emphasizing the implication of vitamin D deficiency associated with development of inflammation and neurodegenerative disorder like Alzheimer's disease (AD). The chief neuropathological hallmark of AD is aggregation of amyloid-beta (Aβ) peptides surrounding microglial cells in human brain. Microglial activation plays a key role in inflammatory response and neuronal injury.

Eritadenine from Edible Mushrooms Inhibits Activity of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme in Vitro.

The inhibition of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) activity was determined in vitro by mushroom-derived eritadenine (EA), which was analyzed in 11 principal Korean edible mushrooms. EA inhibited ACE activity with 0.091 μM IC50, whereas the IC50 of captopril (CP), which is a reference compound, was 0.

Antiproliferative Action of Conjugated Linoleic Acid on Human MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cells Mediated by Enhancement of Gap Junctional Intercellular Communication through Inactivation of NF- κ B.

The major conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) isomers, c9,t11-CLA and t10,c12-CLA, have anticancer effects; however, the exact mechanisms underlying these effects are unknown. Evidence suggests that reversal of reduced gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC) in cancer cells inhibits cell growth and induces cell death. Hence, we determined that CLA isomers enhance GJIC in human MCF-7 breast cancer cells and investigated the underlying molecular mechanisms.

Suppressive Effect on Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Proinflammatory Mediators by Citrus aurantium L. in Macrophage RAW 264.7 Cells via NF-κB Signal Pathway.

Citrus fruits have been used as an edible fruit and a traditional medicine since ancient times. In particular, the peels of immature citrus fruits are used widely in traditional herbal medicine in Korea, as they are believed to contain bioactive components exerting anti-inflammatory activity. This study examined whether the crude methanol extract of Citrus aurantium L.

Growth inhibition of foodborne and pathogenic bacteria by conjugated linoleic acid.

The influence of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) on the growth of some foodborne and pathogenic bacteria was examined. A potassium salt of CLA (CLA-K) was tested against three Gram-positive strains ( Bacillus cereus , Staphylococcus aureus , and Streptococcus mutans ) and five Gram-negative strains ( Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Salmonella typhimurium , Vibrio parahemolyticus , Klebsiella pneumoniae , and Proteus mirabilis ). CLA-K-mediated growth inhibition was evident for all tested strains, particularly the Gram-positive strains.

Daidzein administration in vivo reduces myocardial injury in a rat ischemia/reperfusion model by inhibiting NF-kappaB activation.

Aims: We tested the hypothesis that daidzein may reduce myocardial damage by both inhibiting the release of cytokines and limiting the nuclear translocation of NF-kappaB.

Main Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were anesthetized, and the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) was ligated for 25 min. Twenty-four hours after reperfusion was established, the hemodynamics and infarct size were examined.

New fermentation technique for complete digestion of soybean protein.

The aim of this study was to develop a new fermentation method in order to improve the digestion of soybean protein, and to promote normal fermentation of soybean. A proximate composition, such as moisture, pH, and reducing sugar, of fermented soybeans by the new fermentation was similar to those of controls. Neutral protease activity, the most important factor for fermented soybean products, was the highest, having about 636 U/g at 54 h fermentation.

Dietary trans-10, cis-12 and cis-9,trans-11 conjugated linoleic acids induce apoptosis in the colonic mucosa of rats treated with 1,2-dimethylhydrazine.

We have previously shown that a diet containing a mixture of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) isomers reduces the incidence of colon tumors in rats treated with 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH). The present study examined which of the two main CLA isomers, trans-10,cis-12 CLA (t10c12) or cis-9,trans-11 CLA (c9t11), decreases colon tumor numbers and the mechanisms for this effect. Six-week-old, male Sprague-Dawley rats were intramuscularly injected with 15 mg/kg of DMH twice per week for 6 weeks and fed a control diet, 1% t10c12, or 1% c9t11 for 30 weeks.

Effect of supplementing terpenoid biosynthetic precursors on the accumulation of bilobalide and ginkgolides in Ginkgo biloba cell cultures.

The effect of precursor feeding on the production of bilobalide and ginkgolides was studied with suspension cell cultures of Ginkgo biloba. The precursors greatly influenced the productivity of bilobalide and ginkgolides. Precursor supplementation increased the accumulation of both bilobalide and ginkgolides, and with positive effect on cell growth.

trans-10, cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid reduces insulin-like growth factor-II secretion in HT-29 human colon cancer cells.

We previously demonstrated that a mixture of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) isomers decreases colon cancer incidence in rats treated with 1,2-dimethylhydrazine. Our in vitro studies have also shown that CLA inhibits the growth of HT-29 cells, a human colon cancer cell line. When we compared the individual potencies of the two main isomers found in the mixture of CLA isomers (e.

Conjugated linoleic acid downregulates insulin-like growth factor-I receptor levels in HT-29 human colon cancer cells.

Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) has chemoprotective properties in a variety of experimental cancer models. We have previously observed that dietary CLA inhibits colon tumorigenesis induced by 1,2-dimethylhydrazine in rats. In addition, our in vitro studies have shown that CLA inhibits DNA synthesis and induces apoptosis in HT-29 cells, the human colon adenocarcinoma cell line.

Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) inhibits growth of Caco-2 colon cancer cells: possible mediation by oleamide.

We have previously observed that dietary conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) inhibited colon tumorigenesis induced by 1,2-dimethylhydrazine in rats. The present study was performed to determine the mechanisms by which CLA inhibits colon cancer cell growth. CLA markedly inhibited Caco-2 cell growth, while linoleic acid (LA) slightly increased growth.