Cost of illness of breast cancer in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review.

This systematic review explores the cost of illness (COI) studies on breast cancer in low- to middle-income countries (LMICs). Studies in Cochrane, Proquest Thesis, PubMed and Scopus were considered. The reporting criteria were evaluated using the Consolidated Health Economic Evaluation Reporting Standards (CHEERS) 2022 statement.

Cost-Effectiveness of Breast Cancer Early Detection Program in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review.

Objectives: This review explores the cost-effectiveness of the strategies used in the breast cancer early detection programs of low- to middle-income countries.

Methods: A systematic review was performed to identify related studies, published up to August 2021, on PubMed, Cochrane, ProQuest, and the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature. The Cochrane Handbook and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses protocol were referenced during the reporting process.

Does correctional supervision of amphetamine users reduce the risk of re-offending?

Aim: To examine the specific deterrent effect of offender supervision on the risk of a further offence by persons convicted of amphetamine use and/or possession.

Design: Observational study of two groups matched on a wide range of factors using augmented inverse probability of treatment weighting.

Setting: New South Wales (NSW), Australia.

Prognostic Utility of Histological Growth Patterns of Colorectal Lung Oligometastasis.

Background: Patients with resectable colorectal lung oligometastasis (CLOM) demonstrate a heterogeneous oncological outcome. However, the parameters for predicting tumor aggressiveness have not yet been fully investigated in CLOM. This study was performed to determine the prognostic value of histological growth patterns in patients who underwent surgery for CLOM.

Knowledge and characteristics of herbal supplement usage among community pharmacy customers in a Malaysian population.

Objectives: We investigated the knowledge and characteristics of herbal supplement usage of the customers of community pharmacies in a Malaysian population.

Design And Setting: Self-administered questionnaires (in English, Malay, or Chinese) were provided to customers at three community pharmacies in Malaysia (Ipoh, Perak). Questionnaire validation and translation validation were performed.

Cytotoxicity and cytochrome P450 inhibitory activities of Clinacanthus nutans.

Background: Clinacanthus nutans Lindau (family: Acanthaceae), also known as "Sabah Snake Grass" or "Belalai Gajah" in Malaysia, has been widely used by Malaysians due to its anticancer property. However, the anticancer activity of C. nutans leaves extract and its safe use need to be further investigated.

Spontaneous adrenal haemorrhage after catheter ablation of supraventricular tachycardia.

Catheter ablation is established as a first-line therapy for most patients with recurrent supraventricular tachycardia (SVT), with high success rates and very low complication rates. A 60-year-old woman developed severe right flank pain following straightforward catheter ablation for SVT. This was caused by a spontaneous right adrenal haemorrhage, which, after much delay, was eventually recognised as the cause of her symptoms.

Synthesis of Transesterified Palm Olein-Based Polyol and Rigid Polyurethanes from this Polyol.

Transesterification of palm olein with glycerol can increase the functionality by introducing additional hydroxyl groups to the triglyceride structure, an advantage compared to using palm olein directly as feedstock for producing palm-based polyol. The objective of this study was to synthesize transesterified palm olein-based polyol via a three-step reaction: (1) transesterification of palm olein, (2) epoxidation and (3) epoxide ring opening. Transesterification of palm olein yielded approximately 78 % monoglyceride and has an hydroxyl value of approximately 164 mg KOH g.

Synthesis and characterization of polyurethanes made from copolymers of epoxidized natural oil and tetrahydrofuran.

Polyols were synthesized from epoxidized natural oils and tetrahydrofuran through ring opening copolymerization catalyzed by Lewis acid. The properties of these polyols depend on the type of natural oils as well as the reaction conditions (monomer concentration, catalyst amount, reaction temperature and reaction time). These polyols were evaluated as a raw material for making polyurethane (PU) in order to understand the structure-property relationship between a natural oil and PU made from it.

Sonographic pictorial review of benign palpable paediatric lumps: head to foot.

No abstract available.

Using Spelling to Screen Bilingual Kindergarteners At Risk for Reading Difficulties.

For bilingual children, the results of language and literacy screening tools are often hard to interpret. This leads to late referral for specialized assessment or inappropriate interventions. To facilitate the early identification of reading difficulties in English, we developed a method of screening that is theory-driven yet suitable for first-language (L1) and second-language learners of English.

A spotlight on preschool: the influence of family factors on children's early literacy skills.

Rationale: Phonological awareness, letter knowledge, oral language (including sentence recall) and rapid automatised naming are acknowledged within-child predictors of literacy development. Separate research has identified family factors including socio-economic status, parents' level of education and family history. However, both approaches have left unexplained significant amounts of variance in literacy outcomes.

Sporadic Renal Angiomyolipoma with IVC Extension.

Angiomyolipomas (AML) are the most common mesenchymal renal neoplasms arising in the cortex or medulla. Intra-renal and retroperitoneal hemorrhages have been frequently reported. AML can exceptionally involve the renal vein and inferior vena cava.

Stable Organic Monolayers on Oxide-Free Silicon/Germanium in a Supercritical Medium: A New Route to Molecular Electronics.

Oxide-free Si and Ge surfaces have been passivated and modified with organic molecules by forming covalent bonds between the surfaces and reactive end groups of linear alkanes and aromatic species using single-step deposition in supercritical carbon dioxide (SCCO2). The process is suitable for large-scale manufacturing due to short processing times, simplicity, and high resistance to oxidation. It also allows the formation of monolayers with varying reactive terminal groups, thus enabling formation of nanostructures engineered at the molecular level.

Isoflavone genistein induces fluid secretion and morphological changes in the uteri of post-pubertal rats.

Unlabelled: A reported increase in the incidence of infertility following high genistein intake could be related to alteration in the normal fluid volume and morphology of the uterus in adult female. In view of this, we investigated the effect of this compound on fluid secretion, fluid volume and morphology of the uterus in post-pubertal rats.

Methods: Ovariectomised SD rats were treated with 17-β oestradiol (E) (0.

Application MALDI TOF on protein identification of vitellogenin in giant grouper (Epinephelus lanceolatus).

A new proteomics technology has been implemented to study the protein repertoires of developing oocytes of giant grouper (Epinephelus lanceolatus). Knowledge of the chemical composition and physiochemical properties of vitellogenin (Vtg) is necessary to interpret the functional and biological properties attributed during ovulation. Vtg, as a biomarker indicator in sex determination, has been analyzed to determine the sex and maturational status of fish in the absence of the gonad tissue.

Development of phonological awareness in English-Mandarin bilinguals: a comparison of English-L1 and Mandarin-L1 kindergarten children.

Phoneme awareness is critical for literacy acquisition in English, but relatively little is known about the early development of phonological awareness in ESL (English as a second language) bilinguals when their two languages have different phonological structures. Using parallel tasks in English and Mandarin, we tracked the development of L1 (first language) and L2 (second language) syllable and phoneme awareness longitudinally in English-L1 and Mandarin-L1 prereaders (n=70, 4- and 5-year-olds) across three 6-month intervals. In English, the English-L1 children's performance was better in phoneme awareness at all three time points, but the Mandarin-L1 children's syllable awareness was equivalent to the English-L1 children's syllable awareness by Time 3.

Acute unilateral facial nerve palsy.

Mrs PS, 78 years of age, presented with acute left-sided otalgia, ear swelling and subsequent unilateral facial paralysis (Figure 1). She denied any otorrhoea or hearing loss. Past medical history relevant to the presenting complaint included: * Bell palsy diagnosed 20 years ago with no residual effect * biopsy confirmed benign parotid lump (diagnosed 3 years previously).

Insights into RNA unwinding and ATP hydrolysis by the flavivirus NS3 protein.

Together with the NS5 polymerase, the NS3 helicase has a pivotal function in flavivirus RNA replication and constitutes an important drug target. We captured the dengue virus NS3 helicase at several stages along the catalytic pathway including bound to single-stranded (ss) RNA, to an ATP analogue, to a transition-state analogue and to ATP hydrolysis products. RNA recognition appears largely sequence independent in a way remarkably similar to eukaryotic DEAD box proteins Vasa and eIF4AIII.

Strategic differences in algebraic problem solving: neuroanatomical correlates.

In this study, we built on previous neuroimaging studies of mathematical cognition and examined whether the same cognitive processes are engaged by two strategies used in algebraic problem solving. We focused on symbolic algebra, which uses alphanumeric equations to represent problems, and the model method, which uses pictorial representation. Eighteen adults, matched on academic proficiency and competency in the two methods, transformed algebraic word problems into equations or models, and validated presented solutions.

The last 10 amino acid residues beyond the hydrophobic motif are critical for the catalytic competence and function of protein kinase Calpha.

The segment C-terminal to the hydrophobic motif at the V5 domain of protein kinase C (PKC) is the least conserved both in length and in amino acid identity among all PKC isozymes. By generating serial truncation mutants followed by biochemical and functional analyses, we show here that the very C terminus of PKCalpha is critical in conferring the full catalytic competence to the kinase and for transducing signals in cells. Deletion of one C-terminal amino acid residue caused the loss of approximately 60% of the catalytic activity of the mutant PKCalpha, whereas deletion of 10 C-terminal amino acid residues abrogated the catalytic activity of PKCalpha in immune complex kinase assays.

A novel model of HPV infection in meshed human foreskin grafts.

The present study describes a novel meshing procedure that provided successful low-risk papillomavirus propagation and reproducible wart induction in human foreskin xenografts. The initial HPV6 and/or 11 inocula were collected from clinically excised human wart tissues and confirmed to be free of HPV16, 18 and 31 by PCR analysis. Human foreskin grafts were collected from a circumcision clinic, and pre-inoculated with HPV virions by scarification.

[Liver transplantation for primary biliary cirrhosis: retrospective analysis of 52 patients in QLTS].

Objective: Retrospectively analyzing post-transplant primary biliary cirrhosis patients to document the actual survival time, the cause of post-transplant death, and recurrences after liver transplantation in patients followed up by the Queensland Liver Transplant Service (QLTS).

Methods: The case notes of all post-piggyback liver transplantation patients followed up by QLTS were reviewed. We analyzed the clinical characteristics of the PBC patients, post-transplant actual survival rates, the causes of post-transplant death, and risk factors of recurrence, and compared the survival rates between patients with and without liver transplantation using a European model.

Does off-pump total arterial grafting increase the incidence of intraoperative graft failure?

Background: Early graft failure is a common cause of cardiac mortality and morbidity after coronary artery bypass grafting, but there is little information on its natural incidence. Furthermore, there is particular concern about graft patency in off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting and total arterial grafting.

Methods: We performed a prospective observational study to assess intraoperative graft patency in patients undergoing off-pump and on-pump coronary artery bypass grafting, who also underwent total arterial grafting.

Steady flow and viscoelastic properties of lubricating grease containing various thickener concentrations.

The flow and viscoelastic properties of a lubricating grease formed from a thickener composed of lithium hydroxystearate and a high-boiling-point mineral oil were investigated as a function of thickener concentration. The flow properties of grease were measured using continuous shear rheometry, while the viscoelastic properties were measured using oscillatory shear measurements. The flow properties show that grease is a shear-thinning fluid with a yield stress that increases with thickener concentration.