Usefulness of the Forrest Classification to Predict Artificial Ulcer Rebleeding during Second-Look Endoscopy after Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection.

Background/aims: Delayed post-endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) bleeding (DPEB) is difficult to predict and there is controversy regarding the usefulness of prophylactic hemostasis during second-look endoscopy. This study evaluated the risk factors related to DPEB, the relationship between clinical outcomes and the Forrest classification, and the results of prophylactic hemostasis during second-look endoscopy.

Methods: Second-look endoscopy was performed on the day after ESD to check for recent hemorrhage or potential bleeding and the presence of artificial ulcers in all patients.

Diagnostic accuracy of brush cytology with direct smear and cell-block techniques according to preparation order and tumor characteristics in biliary strictures.

Background/aims: There are few data supporting the diagnostic yield of brush cytology depending on the order of cytologic preparation method or the location or shape of tumors in biliary strictures. We investigated diagnostic yields and variations in brush cytology with direct smear and cell-block preparations according to sampling preparation sequence and tumor location and shape in biliary strictures.

Methods: Patients who had undergone ERCP with tissue sampling between August 2009 and April 2013 were analyzed retrospectively.

Successful Endoscopic Resection of Large Pedunculated Brunner's Gland Hamartoma Causing Gastrointestinal Bleeding Arising from the Pylorus.

Brunner's gland hamartoma is a rare benign small bowel neoplasm and most lesions are small and asymptomatic. However, large hamartoma-related obstructive symptoms and hemorrhage related to tumor ulceration manifest as hematemesis or melena. The exact pathogenesis if these lesions is not well known, but they are thought to be frequently associated with Helicobacter pylori infections and chronic pancreatitis.