Determination of urinary metabolites of cannabidiol, Δ-tetrahydrocannabinol, and Δ-tetrahydrocannabinol by automated online μSPE-LC-MS/MS method.

In this study, an automated online micro-solid-phase extraction (μSPE)-liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was developed and validated for the detection of metabolites of cannabidiol (CBD), Δ-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ-THC), and Δ-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ-THC), particularly 7-carboxy- cannabidiol (7-COOH-CBD), 11-nor-9-carboxy-Δ-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ-THCCOOH), 11-nor-9-carboxy-Δ-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ-THCCOOH), and 11-nor-9-carboxy-Δ- tetrahydrocannabinol-glucuronide (Δ-THCCOOH-glu) in urine. An instrument top sample preparation (ITSP) cartridge was introduced to increase the sensitivity toward analytes and decrease the matrix effect of the urine. LC-MS/MS analysis was performed in the multiple-reaction monitoring mode, and the analytes were separated using an Acquity UPLC HSS T3 (2.

Clinical significance of APOB inactivation in hepatocellular carcinoma.

Recent findings from The Cancer Genome Atlas project have provided a comprehensive map of genomic alterations that occur in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), including unexpected mutations in apolipoprotein B (APOB). We aimed to determine the clinical significance of this non-oncogenetic mutation in HCC. An Apob gene signature was derived from genes that differed between control mice and mice treated with siRNA specific for Apob (1.