IEEE Trans Neural Netw Learn Syst
November 2024
This article introduces a novel approach, called causal prompting network (CPNet), to enhance the causal intervention in the context of image captioning. By leveraging visual prompt engineering in the feature space, this method aims to achieve superior performance in causal intervention tasks. Since CPNet is highly flexible and adaptable, it can be incorporated into any existing causal intervention-based image captioning framework.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped, motile and flagellated novel bacterial strain, designated MAHUQ-64, was isolated from the rhizosphere of rice. The colonies were observed to be creamy white-coloured, smooth, spherical and 0.5-1.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFUDP-glycosyltransferases (UGTs) contribute to catalyzing the glycosylation of numerous functional natural products and novel derivatives with improved bioactivities. UDP-glucose sterol glucosyltransferase (SGT) is normally involved in the synthesis of sterol glycosides in a variety of organisms. SGT was derived from CNB-440 and heterologously expressed in BL21 (DE3).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Early mobilization is one proposed strategy for reducing complications and optimizing patient outcomes. Nurses play an essential role in patient monitoring and co-ordination.
Aims: To assess the effects of a nurse-involved early mobilization programme on muscle strength and intensive care unit (ICU) length of stay and identify the components of an early mobilization programme.
Dynamic changes in cell size are associated with development and pathological conditions, including aging. Although cell enlargement is a prominent morphological feature of cellular senescence, its functional implications are unknown; moreover, how senescent cells maintain their enlargement state is less understood. Here we show that an extensive remodeling of actin cytoskeleton is necessary for establishing senescence-associated cell enlargement and pro-inflammatory senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe manipulation of electronic polymers' solid-state properties through processing is crucial in electronics and energy research. Yet, efficiently processing electronic polymer solutions into thin films with specific properties remains a formidable challenge. We introduce Polybot, an artificial intelligence (AI) driven automated material laboratory designed to autonomously explore processing pathways for achieving high-conductivity, low-defect electronic polymers films.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Med Internet Res
February 2025
Background: The advancement of information and communication technologies has spurred a growing interest in and increased applications of patient-generated health data (PGHD). In particular, PGHD may be promising for older adults with cancer who have increased survival rates and experience a variety of symptoms.
Objective: This scoping review aimed to identify the characteristics of research on PGHD as applied to older adults with cancer and to assess the current use of PGHD.
Objectives: The rising cost of anti-seizure medications (ASMs) in the United States (US) is a major concern for patients, healthcare providers, insurance payors, and policymakers. We aim to describe and analyze the spending trends on ASMs in the Medicare Part D (MPD) and Medicaid population in the US.
Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on the databases of MPD and Medicaid Spending by Drug from 2012 to 2022, which was published by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS).
Background: Nanodrugs play a crucial role in biomedical applications by enhancing drug delivery. To address safety and toxicity concerns associated with nanoparticles, lipid-nanocarrier-based drug delivery systems have emerged as a promising approach for developing next-generation smart nanomedicines. Ginseng has traditionally been used for various therapeutic purposes, including antiviral activity.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFProbiotics are in high demand in the health functional food market as they effectively inhibit pathogens and improve host health. Therefore, in order to develop novel probiotic strains, new strains were isolated from various type of jeotgal, traditional Korean fermented seafood products, and their safety and probiotic properties have been evaluated. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, six strains (JRD1, ; JRD2, ; JRD6, ; CLJ21, ; CLJ24, ; CLJ28, subsp.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Accurate core temperature measurement in children is crucial; however, measuring esophageal temperature (TE) using a supraglottic airway device (SAD) can be challenging. Second-generation SADs, which have a gastric channel, can measure TE, and reduce gastric air volume. This study aimed to compare TE, measured using a probe inserted through the SAD gastric channel, with tympanic membrane (TTM) and forehead (TZHF) temperatures, measured using a zero-heat-flux cutaneous thermometer, with rectal temperature (TR).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFunoran and furcellaran were isolated through a successive cascade extraction process, followed by the depolymerization of extracted polymers via an auto-hydrolysis process. The molecular weight and structural peculiarities of both native and partially depolymerized polysaccharides were investigated using size-exclusion chromatography (SEC), FTIR, and NMR spectroscopy. Immunotropic effects of the native and partially depolymerized polysaccharides were explored through various in vitro assays.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMicrobial polysaccharides derived from bacterial sources possess unique properties because of their structural complexity contributing to exceptional characteristics, including potent immunostimulatory effects. In this study, we extracted crude polysaccharide from Bacillus velezensis GV1 (BPS) which was isolated from Korean ginseng vinegar, and subsequently characterized for sugar composition and functional groups using FT-IR and methylation method. Structural analysis indicated that BPS was composed of mannan and glucan in a ratio of 7.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Public health workers have been at the forefront of treating patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and managing the pandemic. The redeployment of this workforce has limited or interrupted other public health services, including testing for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). This study aims to examine the impact of COVID-19 on HIV testing and diagnosis in the Republic of Korea from 2016 to 2021, comparing data before and after the onset of COVID-19.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFStud Health Technol Inform
July 2024
This study aimed to develop a mapping table that connects nursing notes with standard terminology, focusing on nurses' concerns for ICU patients. After extracting nursing notes from a publicly accessible database, a research team, including a nursing informatics professor and researchers with ICU experience, developed a mapping table through a four-step process: initially reviewing literature on nurses' concerns, then extracting nursing notes from MIMIC IV and filtering the duplicate notes, subsequently defining and coding these concerns, and finally mapping them according to the CCC. Of 11,430,637 unstructured nursing notes from MIMIC IV, 265 unique notes remained after deduplication, with 208 notes reflecting nurses' concerns and categorized into 15 groups aligned with CCC.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFStud Health Technol Inform
July 2024
This study aimed to develop ICU mortality prediction models using a conceptual framework, focusing on nurses' concerns reflected in nursing records from the MIMIC IV database. We included 46,693 first-time ICU admissions of adults over 18 years with a minimum 24-hour stay, excluding those receiving hospice or palliative care. Predictors included demographics, clinical characteristics, and nursing documentation frequencies related to nurses' concerns.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFerroptosis and apoptosis are programmed cell death pathways with distinct characteristics. Sometimes, cancer cells are aided by the induction of a different pathway, such as ferroptosis, when they develop chemoresistance and avoid apoptosis. Identifying the nanomedicine that targets dual pathways is considered as one of the best strategies for diverse cancer types.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe PI3K/AKT/FOXO3 pathway is one of the most frequently involved signaling pathways in cancer, including breast cancer. Therefore, we synthesized a novel lysine-rich polypeptide (Lys-PP) using assembly method and evaluated its anticancer effect. We characterized the structural and physicochemical properties of Lys-PP using various techniques.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFParaprobiotics that benefit human health have the capacity to modulate innate and adaptive immune systems. In this study, we prepared the paraprobiotic from GV1 using the heat-killing method and investigated its effects on immunity and gut microbiota and . The morphology of inactivated strain GV1 was observed using scanning electron microscopy.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTrends Endocrinol Metab
August 2024
Cellular metabolism is a flexible and plastic network that often dictates physiological and pathological states of the cell, including differentiation, cancer, and aging. Recent advances in cancer metabolism represent a tremendous opportunity to treat cancer by targeting its altered metabolism. Interestingly, despite their stable growth arrest, senescent cells - a critical component of the aging process - undergo metabolic changes similar to cancer metabolism.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPurpose: Multidisciplinary tumor boards (MTBs) integrate clinical, molecular, and radiological information and facilitate coordination of neuro-oncology care. During the COVID-19 pandemic, our MTB transitioned to a virtual and multi-institutional format. We hypothesized that this expansion would allow expert review of challenging neuro-oncology cases and contribute to the care of patients with limited access to specialized centers.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe stabilization of grain boundaries and surfaces of the perovskite layer is critical to extend the durability of perovskite solar cells. Here we introduced a sulfonium-based molecule, dimethylphenethylsulfonium iodide (DMPESI), for the post-deposition treatment of formamidinium lead iodide perovskite films. The treated films show improved stability upon light soaking and remains in the black phase after two years ageing under ambient condition without encapsulation.
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