Dual inhibition of thioredoxin reductase and proteasome is required for auranofin-induced paraptosis in breast cancer cells.

Auranofin (AF), a gold (I)-containing phosphine compound, is being investigated for oncological application as a repurposed drug. We show here that 4~5 µM AF induces paraptosis, a non-apoptotic cell death mode characterized by dilation of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria, in breast cancer cells. Although the covalent inhibition of thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme that critically controls intracellular redox homeostasis, is considered the primary mechanism of AF's anticancer activity, knockdown of TrxR1 did not induce paraptosis.

Classification of Takifugu rubripes, T. chinensis and T. pseudommus by genotyping-by-sequencing.

Takifugu rubripes is more expensive than other species of the genus because of its high protein content and special flavor. However, it is easily confused with imported T. chinensis and T.

Quantitative analysis of Alaska pollock in seafood products by droplet digital PCR.

A highly accurate quantitative method, based on the new technique, droplet digital PCR (ddPCR), was applied to determine the content of Alaska pollock (Gadus chalcogrammus) in seafood products. Using this method, we found a linear relationship among raw sample weight, DNA concentration and DNA copy number. We also established a formula to calculate the raw sample weight, based on the number of DNA copies.

Antiviral effects of extracts from Celosia cristata and Raphanus sativus roots against viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus.

The antiviral activity of an extract mixture from Celosia cristata and Raphanus sativus was tested against viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV). Pretreatment of EPC cells with this extract up to 72 h before VHSV infection markedly reduced the virus titer, but it had no effect when added after virus inoculation. In olive flounder that received 5 µg of extract per fish, Mx expression peaked at 48 h after treatment.

Control of growth cone motility and neurite outgrowth by SPIN90.

SPIN90 is an F-actin binding protein thought to play important roles in regulating cytoskeletal dynamics. It is known that SPIN90 is expressed during the early stages of neuronal development, but details of its localization and function in growth cones have not been fully investigated. Our immunocytochemical data show that SPIN90 is enriched throughout growth cones and neuronal shafts in young hippocampal neurons.

A case of chorioretinal coloboma in a patient with achondroplasia.

Achondroplasia is a congenital disorder resulting from a specific disturbance in endochondral bone formation. The ophthalmic features reportedly associated with achondroplasia are telecanthus, exotropia, inferior oblique overaction, angle anomalies and cone-rod dystrophy. This is first report of chorioretinal coloboma in achondroplasia.

A cadmium toxicity assay using stress responsive Caenorhabditis elegans mutant strains.

To test the applicability of Caenorhabditis elegans mutant for toxicity screening, the sensitivity of cadmium (Cd) in C. elegans was investigated on 14 mutant strains using median lethal concentration (LC50) tests, with further analysis on growth and reproduction conducted on five selected strains. The 24h LC50 of Cd observed on the wildtype and mutant strains of C.