p,p'-DDT induces apoptosis in human endometrial stromal cells via the PI3K/AKT pathway and oxidative stress.

Objective: Bis-[4-chlorophenyl]-1,1,1-trichloroethane (DDT), one of the most widely used synthetic pesticides, is an endocrine-disrupting chemical with the potential to interfere with the human reproductive system. The effects of DDT and one of its metabolites, p,p'-DDT, on human endometrial stromal cells (ESCs) and health outcomes remain unknown. In this study, we investigated whether p,p'-DDT induces an imbalance in cell proliferation and apoptosis in human ESCs via oxidative stress.

Oleuropein suppresses endometriosis progression and improves the fertility of mice with endometriosis.

Background: Endometriosis is an estrogen-dependent inflammatory reproductive disease. Therefore, systematic estrogen depletion and anti-inflammatory drugs are the current treatment for endometriosis. However, current endometriosis treatments have low efficacy and cause adverse effects in endometriosis patients.

Triphenyl phosphate activates estrogen receptor α/NF-κB/ cyclin D1 signaling to stimulate cell cycle progression in human Ishikawa endometrial cancer cells.

Objective: Triphenyl phosphate (TPHP) is one of the most commonly used organophosphorus flame retardants that may accumulate in the environment. However, its effects on human reproductive organs have not been well studied. We aimed to investigate the in vitro effects of TPHP in human Ishikawa endometrial cancer cells to elucidate how TPHP exposure disrupts intracellular signaling and cell proliferation in reproductive tissues.

The recurrence rate of ovarian endometrioma in women aged 40-49 years and impact of hormonal treatment after conservative surgery.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the rate of and risk factors for recurrence ovarian endometrioma after conservative surgery in patients aged 40-49 years. This retrospective, single-center study included 408 women between January 2008 and November 2018. All patients underwent ovarian cyst enucleation, were pathologically diagnosed with ovarian endometrioma and were followed up for ≥ 6 months.

Atypical endometriosis is related to a higher recurrence rate.

Objectives: The aims of this study were to evaluate the clinical characteristics and recurrence rate of atypical endometriosis (AE) compared to typical endometriosis (TE) in addition to the malignant transformation rate among a large cohort.

Study Design: The medical records of 2681 patients who had undergone surgical treatment of ovarian endometrioma between January 2008 and September 2019 were retrospectively reviewed. The patients were divided into AE (n = 86) and TE (n = 2595) groups.

Bis-Indole-Derived Nuclear Receptor 4A1 (NR4A1, Nur77) Ligands as Inhibitors of Endometriosis.

Endometriosis is an inflammatory disease that primarily affects women during their reproductive years, and since current hormonal therapies are of concern, new hormone-independent treatment regimens are needed. The orphan nuclear receptor 4A1 (NR4A1, Nur77) is expressed in patient-derived (stromal) endometriotic cells and also epithelial cell lines, and we observed that knockdown of NR4A1 in patient-derived ectopic endometrium-isolated ovarian endometrioma (ESECT)-7 and ESECT-40 cells decreased cell proliferation and induced apoptosis. Moreover, the treatment of these cells with bis-indole derived NR4A1 ligands 1,1-bis(3'-indolyl)-1-(p-hydroxyphenyl)methane (DIM-C-pPhOH) and its buttressed 3-chloro-5-methoxy analog (DIM-C-pPhOH-3-Cl-5-OCH3) inhibited cell growth and induced apoptosis and related genes.

Nonpersistent endocrine disrupting chemicals and reproductive health of women.

Nonpersistent endocrine disrupting chemicals (npEDCs) are exogenous chemicals or mixtures of industrial agents that can interfere with the normal action of hormone with a shorter half-life and lower liposolubility. These are commonly found in plastics, medical equipment, detergents, and cosmetics. Recently, role of npEDCs on the changes of ovary and/or uterus development and alterations in hormonal signaling has been emphasized.

Efficacy of nerve-sparing radical hysterectomy vs. conventional radical hysterectomy in early-stage cervical cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

The aim of the present study was to compare the oncological outcome of nerve-sparing radical hysterectomy (NSRH) and conventional radical hysterectomy (CRH) for early-stage cervical cancer using a meta-analysis. A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted, including 4 randomized controlled trials (RCT), 8 case-control and 11 comparative cohort studies comparing the morbidity, pelvic dysfunctions and oncological outcome between the two surgical methods. A total of 23 studies were included in this meta-analysis.

Clinical experience of uterine smooth muscle tumor of uncertain malignant potential in two gynecological centers: Oncological and obstetrical aspects.

Objectives: To evaluate the clinical characteristics and obstetrical and oncological outcomes of patients with uterine smooth muscle tumors of uncertain malignant potential (STUMP) and analyze the risk factors for recurrence.

Study Design: A retrospective cohort study was performed at two gynecological centers using data collected between January 2008 and August 2018. All the patients enrolled were diagnosed with STUMP and had been followed up for at least 6 months.

Genomic Function of Estrogen Receptor β in Endometriosis.

Estrogen receptor (ER) β plays a critical role in endometriosis progression because cytoplasmic ERβ stimulates proinflammatory signaling in ectopic lesions and prevents apoptosis to promote their survival. However, the role of "nuclear ERβ" in endometriosis progression is not known. This critical knowledge gap obscures our understanding of the full molecular etiology of ERβ-mediated endometriosis progression.

Comparison of vaginal hysterectomy and laparoscopic hysterectomy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: There are various surgical approaches of hysterectomy for benign indications. This study aimed to compare vaginal hysterectomy (VH) and laparoscopic hysterectomy (LH) with respect to their complications and operative outcomes.

Methods: We selected randomised controlled trials that compared VH with LH for benign gynaecological indications.

Clinical application of serum anti-Müllerian hormone in women.

Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), a peptide growth factor of the transforming growth factor-β family, is a reliable marker of ovarian reserve. Regarding assisted reproductive technology, AMH has been efficiently used as a marker to predict ovarian response to stimulation. The clinical use of AMH has recently been extended and emphasized.

Bisphenol A modulates inflammation and proliferation pathway in human endometrial stromal cells by inducing oxidative stress.

Bisphenol A (BPA) has been implicated in altered human reproductive function. The oxidative stress or change of inflammatory signaling may appear a key factor in the biological changes of the human endometrium. Using MTT assay we assessed BPA mediated modulation of oxidative stress and inflammation responses in human endometrial stromal cells (ESCs).

Assessment of the effects of prostaglandins on myometrial and leiomyoma cells in vitro through microRNA profiling.

It is well known that prostaglandin (PG) E2 and PGF2α are secreted in copious amounts from the menstruating uterus. The aim of the present study was to determine whether PGs affect the growth of uterine leiomyomas (ULs) to the same extent as estrogen or progesterone (P4). The present study evaluated the expression of eight microRNAs (miRNAs) by reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‑qPCR) through treatment with estradiol (E2), P4, PGE2, PGF2α and each antagonist or cyclooxygenase‑2 (COX‑2) inhibitor of cultured leiomyoma and myometrial cells (LC and MC, respectively).

Bufalin suppresses endometriosis progression by inducing pyroptosis and apoptosis.

The steroid receptor coactivator (SRC)-1 isoform/estrogen receptor (ER)-β axis has an essential role in endometriosis progression. In this context, therefore, bufalin was employed as a 'tool compound' to evaluate inhibitors of SRC in alternative endometriosis treatment. Bufalin effectively suppressed the growth of primary human endometrial stroma cells isolated from endometriosis patients compared to women without endometriosis and immortalized human endometrial epithelial and stromal cells expressing the SRC-1 isoform compared to their parental cells , compared to the vehicle, bufalin treatment significantly suppressed the growth of endometriotic lesions in mice with surgically induced endometriosis because bufalin disrupted the functional axis of SRC-1 isoform/ERβ by increasing SRC-1 isoform protein stability, hyperactivating the transcriptional activity of the SRC-1 isoform and degrading the ERβ protein by proteasome 26S subunit, non-ATPase 2 in endometriotic lesions.

Dysfunctional signaling underlying endometriosis: current state of knowledge.

Endometriosis is defined as the presence of endometrial tissue outside the uterine cavity. It affects approximately 5-10% of women of reproductive age. Endometriosis is associated with dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia and, often, severe pelvic pain.

Superficial Angiomyxoma of the Vulva in a Postmenopausal Woman: A Case Report and Review of Literature.

Superficial angiomyxomas (SAMs) are rare benign cutaneous tumors that involve the subcutaneous layer. They are commonly located in the trunk, lower limbs and head or neck of women of reproductive age. SAMs in the vulva of postmenopausal women are especially rare case.

Internal jugular vein thrombosis with OHSS.

Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) includes ovarian enlargement and ascites. It is usually mild but can be, rarely, fatal. Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is among the potentially fatal complications of OHSS.

The efficacy of long-term maintenance therapy with a levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system for prevention of ovarian endometrioma recurrence.

Objective: To evaluate the cumulative recurrence rates of ovarian endometrioma among patients using a levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system (LNG-IUS) after conservative laparoscopic surgery.

Methods: A retrospective review was conducted of premenopausal women who underwent conservative laparoscopic surgery for ovarian endometrioma and subsequent treatment with LNG-IUS at two gynecologic surgery centers in South Korea between January 1, 2007, and September 30, 2014. Eligible patients had no residual ovarian lesions before LNG-IUS insertion, underwent insertion within 12 months of primary surgery, and were followed up for at least 6 months afterwards.

Uterine Lipoleiomyoma in Peri or Postmenopausal Women.

Lipoleiomyoma is an uncommon neoplasm of the uterus, composed of smooth muscles intermixed with mature adipocytes. These tumors are considered a benign variant of uterine leiomyomas. Herein, we report six cases of lipoleiomyoma experienced in our institution from January 2005 to March 2015.

Recurrence of Ovarian Endometrioma in Adolescents after Conservative, Laparoscopic Cyst Enucleation.

Study Objective: To evaluate the cumulative recurrence rate of endometriomas after a laparoscopic endometriotic cyst enucleation in adolescents and to find the factors associated with recurrence.

Design: A multicenter retrospective cohort study.

Setting: Three university hospitals.

Biomonitoring of Lead, Cadmium, Total Mercury, and Methylmercury Levels in Maternal Blood and in Umbilical Cord Blood at Birth in South Korea.

With rising concerns of heavy metal exposure in pregnancy and early childhood, this study was conducted to assess the relationship between the lead, cadmium, mercury, and methylmercury blood levels in pregnancy and neonatal period. The study population included 104 mothers and their children pairs who completed both baseline maternal blood sampling at the second trimester and umbilical cord blood sampling at birth. The geometric mean maternal blood levels of lead, cadmium, total mercury, and methylmercury at the second trimester were 1.

Triglyceride is a useful surrogate marker for insulin resistance in Korean women with polycystic ovary syndrome.

Purpose: To evaluate lipid profiles and liver enzymes as surrogate markers used for recognizing insulin resistance in Korean women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).

Materials And Methods: 458 women with PCOS were divided into two groups: non-obese with a body mass index (BMI)<25.0 kg/m² and obese with a BMI≥25.

Di-(2-ethylhexyl)-phthalate induces oxidative stress in human endometrial stromal cells in vitro.

Di-(2-ethylhexyl)-phthalate (DEHP) accumulates in the environment, and its exposure is possibly associated with endocrine-related disease in women of reproductive age. The effects of DEHP on human endometrial cells are unknown. We treated human endometrial stromal cells with 10, 100, and 1000 pmol of DEHP and measured reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, expression levels of antioxidant enzymes, alteration of MAPK/NF-κB signaling and hormonal receptors.