Evaluation of disinfection efficacy and chemical formation using MPUV ballast water treatment system (GloEn-Patrol).

This study was undertaken to evaluate the efficacy of inactivation of several indigenous marine species and the formation of oxidants and other by-products using medium-pressure ultraviolet (MPUV) ballast water treatment. The ballast water treatment system (BWTS) used in this study was composed of filtration modules as a pretreatment process, followed by a UV irradiation process equipped with a polychromatic MPUV lamp. The experiments were performed on seawater (Busan, >32 PSU) and brackish water (Nakdong River, 20-22 PSU) with flow rates of 50 and 250 m(3)/h.

Removal of amoxicillin by UV and UV/H2O2 processes.

The degradation of the β-lactam antibiotic amoxicillin (AM) treated with direct UV-C and UV/H(2)O(2) photolytic processes was investigated in the present study. In addition, the antibacterial activity of the solution treated by UV/H(2)O(2) advanced oxidation was compared with AM solution treated with ozone. The degradation rate of amoxicillin in both processes fitted pseudo first-order kinetics, and the rates increased up to six fold with increasing H(2)O(2) addition at 10mM H(2)O(2) compared to direct photolysis.

An investigation of the formation of chlorate and perchlorate during electrolysis using Pt/Ti electrodes: the effects of pH and reactive oxygen species and the results of kinetic studies.

The characteristics of chlorate (ClO(3)(-)) and perchlorate (ClO(4)(-)) formation were studied during the electrolysis of water containing chloride ions (Cl(-)). The experiments were performed using an undivided Pt/Ti plate electrode under different pH conditions (pH 3.6, 5.

The degradation of diethyl phthalate (DEP) during ozonation: oxidation by-products study.

The degradation of diethyl phthalate (DEP) in an aqueous solution during ozonation was investigated by identifying the oxidation intermediates using GC-MS. The experiments were carried out in semi-batch mode with a 1.5 mg l(-1)-min ozone dose.

Synergistic effect of sequential or combined use of ozone and UV radiation for the disinfection of Bacillus subtilis spores.

This study was performed to evaluate the inactivation efficiency or synergy of combined ozone and UV processes (combined ozone/UV process) or sequential processes (ozone-UV, UV-ozone) compared with individual unit processes and to investigate the specific roles of ozone, UV and the hydroxyl radical, which is formed as an intermediate in the combined ozone/UV process. The Bacillus subtilis spore, which has often been used as a surrogate microorganism for Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts, was used as a target microorganism. Compared to individual unit processes with ozone or UV, the inactivation of B.

Investigation of the estrogenic activities of pesticides from Pal-dang reservoir by in vitro assay.

Endocrine disruptors, when absorbed into the body, interfere with the normal function by mimicking or blocking the hormone system. To investigate compounds mimicking estrogen in the drinking water source of the residence of Seoul, the Pal-dang reservoir was monitored over a period of 5 years, between 2000 and 2004. Nine kinds of pesticide (carbaryl, DBCP, diazinon, fenitrothion, fenobucarb, flutolanil, iprobenphos, isoprothiolane and parathion) were found to exist in the river water sample.

Application of ozone, UV and ozone/UV processes to reduce diethyl phthalate and its estrogenic activity.

A research study to monitor the micropollutant levels present in the Han River, a major drinking water source for the Seoul Metropolitan district in Korea, was performed over a five-year period from 2000 to 2004, inclusive. Of the detected micropollutants, phthalates were found to be the major contaminants. In this study, the estrogenic activities of the detected phthalates and raw water samples contaminated with the pollutants were assessed by the E-screen assay using the MCF-7 breast cancer cell line.