Direct Solution-Phase Synthesis and Functionalization of 2D WSe for Ambient Stability.

2H phase tungsten diselenide (WSe ) is a p-type 2D semiconductor from the transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) family with unique optoelectrical properties. Solution phase production of atomically thin WSe is challenging due to its instability under ambient conditions. We present a highly efficient and scalable solution method for simultaneously exfoliating and functionalizing WSe by leveraging the non-covalent interaction between mercapto-group and bulk WSe .

The assessment of reliability of cognitive evoked potential in normal person.

Objective: To evaluate intra-tester reliability of P300 more precisely, this study was designed. Event-related potential (ERP) is the result of endogenous brain response following cognitive stimulus. The P300 component of the human ERP is a positive wave with a latency of 300 ms or greater.

Reconstruction of the head and neck region using lower trapezius musculocutaneous flaps.

Background: Recent literature has indicated that free flaps are currently considered the preferred choice for head and neck reconstruction. However, head and neck cancer patients are frequently treated with chemoradiotherapy, which is often associated with a poor general and local condition, and thus, such patients are ineligible for free flap reconstruction. Therefore, other reconstruction modalities should be considered.

Complete laryngotracheal separation following attempted hanging.

Laryngotracheal separation (LTS) is the most immediately life-threatening airway injury. LTS is so rare that very few otolaryngologists have experience with it. LTS is one of the diagnostic and therapeutic challenges in airway diseases and its management remains to be established.

Prediction of occult central lymph node metastasis in papillary thyroid carcinoma by preoperative BRAF analysis using fine-needle aspiration biopsy: a prospective study.

Context: Few reports have determined whether preoperative detection of the BRAF V600E mutation in fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) may influence determination of surgical extent such as prophylactic central lymph node dissection (CLND) in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC).

Objectives: Our objectives were to investigate whether preoperative BRAF analysis may assist determination of surgical extent, including prophylactic CLND with variable clinicopathological risk factors for central lymph node metastasis, in patients with PTC and clinically node-negative neck.

Patients And Methods: From July 2009 to May 2011, we prospectively enrolled 148 PTC patients with clinically node-negative neck who received a total thyroidectomy and prophylactic CLND.

Expression of matrix metalloproteinase-12 is correlated with extracapsular spread of tumor from nodes with metastasis in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) play an important role in tumor invasiveness and metastasis. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression pattern of MMPs in the primary tumor of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) with cervical node metastasis and to correlate the expression of MMP in the primary tumor with the presence of extracapsular spread (ECS) in nodes with metastasis. A retrospective study was conducted.

Pattern of expression of cyclooxygenase-2 in malignant transformation of sinonasal inverted papilloma.

Objective: Cyclooxygenases (COXs) are enzymes that catalyze the conversion of arachidonic acid to prostaglandins. Many studies have suggested that COX-2, the inducible form of COX, is important in carcinogenesis. However, little is known about the pattern of expression of COX-2 in a multistep process of malignant transformation of sinonasal inverted papilloma (IP).

Neurodevelopmental disorders of children screened by the infantile health promotion system.

Objective: To perform an in depth evaluation of children, and thus provide a systematic method of managing children, who after infantile health screening, were categorized as suspected developmental delay.

Method: 78 children referred to the Developmental Delay Clinic of Ilsan Hospital after suspected development delay on infantile health examinations were enrolled. A team comprised of a physiatrist, pediatrician and pediatric psychiatrist examined the patients.

Clinical and histologic features of inverted papilloma-associated malignancy.

The objectives of the study were to analyze the clinical features of inverted papillomas (IP) associated with malignancy and to evaluate the correlation of tumor stage, survival and histolologic features. We conducted a retrospective review of 18 IP associated with malignancy patients. In addition, we compared histopathologic characteristics (tumor differentiation and malignant cell proportion) with clinical outcomes.

Effects of music therapy on mood in stroke patients.

Purpose: To investigate the effects of music therapy on depressive mood and anxiety in post-stroke patients and evaluate satisfaction levels of patients and caregivers.

Materials And Methods: Eighteen post-stroke patients, within six months of onset and mini mental status examination score of over 20, participated in this study. Patients were divided into music and control groups.

The clinicopathologic differences in papillary thyroid carcinoma with or without co-existing chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis.

The goal of this study is to determine the clinicopathologic differences in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) with or without chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis (CLT). We reviewed the medical records of 195 consecutive PTC patients who underwent total thyroidectomy and bilateral central lymph node dissection from April 2008 to March 2010. The differences in clinicopathologic factors, such as age, gender, size of primary tumor, perithyroidal invasion, lymphovascular invasion, capsular invasion, and central lymph node (CLN) metastasis, were analyzed in PTC patients with or without CLT.

Characteristics of primary papillary thyroid carcinoma with false-negative findings on initial (18)F-FDG PET/CT.

Background: We often observe that uptake of tracer is not detected in the primary cancer focus in patients with histologically proven papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) on preoperative (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography-computed tomography ((18)F-FDG PET/CT). Therefore, we analyzed the clinical and pathologic variables affecting false-negative findings in primary tumors on preoperative (18)F-FDG PET/CT.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 115 consecutive patients who underwent (18)F-FDG PET/CT for initial evaluation and were diagnosed with PTC by postoperative permanent biopsy.

Is there any synergic effect for coadministration of mitomycin C and halofuginone on the skin wound healing?

Objective: This study compared the potencies of the antifibrotic agents mitomycin C (MMC) and halofuginone (HFN) and investigated whether coadministration of these agents produces synergic effects in an animal skin wound model.

Subjects And Methods: Twenty male Sprague-Dawley rats were used for this study. After a full-thickness excisional wound was made on the dorsum of each rat, each rat was treated with topical mitomycin, intraperitoneal HFN, or both.

Occult contralateral carcinoma in patients with unilateral papillary thyroid microcarcinoma.

Background: The optimal resection extent for papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC) confined within a unilateral lobe remains controversial.

Materials And Methods: We reviewed the medical records of 132 consecutive patients who underwent total thyroidectomy for the treatment of clinically unilateral PTMC between March 2005 and March 2009. The frequency, pattern, and predictive factors for occult contralateral carcinoma in these patients were analyzed with respect to the following variables: age, gender, tumor size, multifocality of primary tumor, presence of perithyroidal invasion, lymphovascular invasion or capsular invasion, presence of central lymph node metastasis, and the presence of coexistent benign nodules in the contralateral lobe based on preoperative evaluation and final pathology.

The preventive effect of mitomycin-C on the external auditory canal fibrosis in an experimentally induced animal model.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the preventive effect of mitomycin-C (MMC) on external auditory canal (EAC) fibrosis in an animal model.

Study Design: This is a randomized, controlled animal study.

Subjects And Methods: Sixteen guinea pigs were used for this study.

Occult lymph node metastases in neck level V in papillary thyroid carcinoma.

Background: The extent of lateral neck dissection for clinically evident nodal metastases in the lateral neck in a patient with papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) continues to remain controversial.

Methods: We reviewed retrospectively the medical records between March 2005 and March 2008 of 70 patients with PTC who underwent therapeutic lateral neck dissections (level II-V) to establish indications for omission of a level V lymphadenectomy. No patient in the study had a clinically positive level V lymph node.

Predictive factors for ipsilateral or contralateral central lymph node metastasis in unilateral papillary thyroid carcinoma.

Objectives: To investigate the incidence and the risk factors for occult ipsilateral or contralateral central neck lymph node (LN)metastasis in patients with unilateral papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and a clinically negative neck.

Summary Background Data: Elective central lymph node dissection (CLND) in patients with PTC remains controversial. There have been few prospective studies assessing accurate histopathologic information and predictive factors for the presence of metastasis to the ipsilateral or contralateral central compartment of the neck in patients with PTC and clinically negative neck nodes.

Predictive factors of level IIb lymph node metastasis in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma.

Background: The extent of neck dissection (ND) appropriate for necks yielding clinical evidence of metastases of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is controversial. The need for level IIb lymph node (LN) dissection is particularly uncertain in view of its association with postoperative shoulder dysfunction. In the present study, we examined the frequency, pattern, and predictive factors of level IIb LN metastases in PTC patients with clinically positive lateral neck nodes.

Clinical characteristics of external auditory canal cholesteatoma in children.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the characteristics of pediatric external auditory canal cholesteatoma (EACC).

Methods: Chart review of nine children with EACC between January 1, 2000 and December 31, 2007 was performed with subsequent analysis of etiologic factors, associated symptoms, otoscopic findings, imaging features, and treatment outcomes.

Results: The average age of patients was 10.

Recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis in patients with papillary thyroid carcinomas: evaluation and management of resulting vocal dysfunction.

Background: Recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis (RLNP) occurs in patients with thyroid malignancy. This study prospectively evaluated vocal function and management outcomes of patients with papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTCs) and RLNP.

Methods: Of 319 PTC patients, 256 underwent total thyroidectomy with or without neck dissection, 42 underwent lobectomy, and 21 underwent reoperation for recurrent cancers.

Iatrogenic ear lobule ischemic injury from pressure dressing as an unusual complication of parotidectomy.

The use of compressive dressing is usually spread to enhance neovascularization of the dissected facial flap by elimination of dead space between the flap and the dermis in parotid surgery through facelift incision. The author reports a clinical case of compressive dressing after parotidectomy that was inappropriately performed to folding of the ear lobule, leading to ischemic injury. This iatrogenic complication resulted in the development of contracture of ear lobule and deformity of auricle.

Removal of pediatric branchial cleft cyst using a retroauricular hairline incision (RAHI) approach.

Objective: Branchial cleft cyst (BCC) is treated surgically using a transcervical approach, leaving potential cervical scars. This prospective study assessed the outcomes of retroauricular hairline incision (RAHI) approach for BCC excision in children.

Methods: Twelve patients with second BCC (age < 18 years) underwent cyst excision via the RAHI approach, with incision along the postauricular sulcus and hairline.