Rapeseed oleosomes facilitate intestinal lymphatic delivery and oral bioavailability of cannabidiol.

Due to high lipophilicity and extensive first-pass metabolic loss, cannabidiol (CBD) has low oral bioavailability. Co-administration of CBD and long-chain lipids facilitates the intestinal lymphatic delivery, resulting in higher systemic bioavailability, as well as high levels of the drug within the intestinal lymphatic system. However, despite previous attempts with various lipid-based formulations, the oral bioavailability of CBD is still limited.

Delivery of imiquimod to intestinal lymph nodes following oral administration.

Intestinal lymph nodes are involved in the progression of colorectal cancer (CRC). Tumours suppress the activation of dendritic cells (DCs) in draining lymph nodes, diminishing anti-cancer immune response. Imiquimod (IMQ) facilitates DCs activation via toll-like receptor 7, suggesting that targeted delivery of IMQ to intestinal lymph nodes can improve the treatment of CRC.

The sleep problems in individuals with Rett syndrome and their caregivers.

Sleep problems are common and impactful among individuals with Rett syndrome (RTT) and their caregivers. We examined the sleep patterns of 29 RTT patients and their primary caregivers using various assessment tools. The study found that a majority of the patients experienced sleep disturbances, with younger patients showing more sleep difficulties.

High incidence of cerebrovascular lesions on magnetic resonance imaging in pediatric COVID-19 during omicron outbreak - A retrospective case series.

Background: The incidence of pediatric hospitalizations has significantly increased since the spread of the omicron variant of COVID-19. Changes of characteristics in respiratory and neurological symptoms have been reported. We performed a retrospective, cross-sectional study to characterize the MRI change in children with an emphasis on the change of cerebral vasculatures.

Neurological manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 infection in children in Taiwan: A cross-section, multicenter study.

Background: The SARS-CoV-2 virus has been a global public health threat since December 2019. This study aims to investigate the neurological characteristics and risk factors of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Taiwanese children, using data from a collaborative registry.

Methods: A retrospective, cross-sectional, multi-center study was done using an online network of pediatric neurological COVID-19 cohort collaborative registry.

Distribution of lamivudine into lymph node HIV reservoir.

Efficient delivery of antiretroviral agents to lymph nodes is important to decrease the size of the HIV reservoir within the lymphatic system. Lamivudine (3TC) is used in first-line regimens for the treatment of HIV. As a highly hydrophilic small molecule, 3TC is not predicted to associate with chylomicrons and therefore should have negligible uptake into intestinal lymphatics following oral administration.

Development of lipophilic ester prodrugs of dolutegravir for intestinal lymphatic transport.

The establishment of latent cellular and anatomical viral reservoirs is a major obstacle to achieving a cure for people infected by HIV. Mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs) are one of the most important anatomical reservoirs of HIV. Suboptimal levels of antiretroviral (ARVs) drugs in these difficult-to-penetrate viral reservoirs is one of the limitations of current antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimens.

Abusive head trauma: current practice of investigation and management in Taiwan.

Introduction: Abusive head trauma (AHT) is a worldwide leading cause of fatal head injuries in children under 2 years. This study aims to present the development of child protection medical service in Taiwan in the past decade.

Materials And Methods: This study reviews the evolution of the pediatric protection network and the cross-system professional training in Taiwan from 2013 to 2022.

Vegetable oils composition affects the intestinal lymphatic transport and systemic bioavailability of co-administered lipophilic drug cannabidiol.

Although natural sesame oil has been shown to facilitate the lymphatic delivery and oral bioavailability of the highly lipophilic drug cannabidiol (CBD), considerable variability remains an unresolved challenge. Vegetable oils differ substantially in composition, which could lead to differences in promotion of intestinal lymphatic transport of lipophilic drugs. Therefore, the differences in composition of sesame, sunflower, peanut, soybean, olive and coconut oils and their corresponding role as vehicles in promoting CBD lymphatic targeting and bioavailability were investigated in this study.

Inclusion of Medium-Chain Triglyceride in Lipid-Based Formulation of Cannabidiol Facilitates Micellar Solubilization In Vitro, but In Vivo Performance Remains Superior with Pure Sesame Oil Vehicle.

Oral sesame oil-based formulation facilitates the delivery of poorly water-soluble drug cannabidiol (CBD) to the lymphatic system and blood circulation. However, this natural oil-based formulation also leads to considerable variability in absorption of CBD. In this work, the performance of lipid-based formulations with the addition of medium-chain triglyceride (MCT) or surfactants to the sesame oil vehicle has been tested in vitro and in vivo using CBD as a model drug.

Eye motor manifestations in children with neurometabolic disorders.

Neurometabolic diseases are complex group of rare neurogenetic disorders, which are difficult to diagnose. Patients may have toxic metabolite accumulation, inadequate energy supply, or neurotransmitter deficiency, resulting in a variety of clinical manifestations and severity with enzyme activity or transporter function defects. Multiple organ involvement is frequently seen, among which neurological symptoms and signs are one of the most encountered problems.

Oral administration of tipranavir with long-chain triglyceride results in moderate intestinal lymph targeting but no efficient delivery to HIV-1 reservoir in mesenteric lymph nodes.

The introduction of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) led to substantial improvement in mortality and morbidity of HIV-1 infection. However, the poor penetration of antiretroviral agents to HIV-1 reservoirs limit the ability of the antiretroviral agents to eliminate the virus. Mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs) are one of the main HIV-1 reservoirs in patients under suppressive cART.

Electroencephalography complexity in infantile spasms and its association with treatment response.

Objective: To investigate the potential of EEG multiscale entropy and complexity as biomarkers in infantile spasms.

Methods: We collected EEG data retrospectively from 16 newly diagnosed patients, 16 age- and gender-matched healthy controls, and 15 drug-resistant patients. The multiscale entropy (MSE) and total EEG complexity before anti-epileptic drug (AED) treatment, before adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) treatment, 14 days after ACTH therapy, and after 6 months of follow-up were calculated.

Targeted delivery of lopinavir to HIV reservoirs in the mesenteric lymphatic system by lipophilic ester prodrug approach.

The combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) can efficiently suppress HIV replication, but the cessation of cART usually results in viral rebound, mostly due to the presence of viral reservoirs. The mesenteric lymphatic system, including mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs), is an important viral reservoir into which antiretroviral drugs poorly penetrate. In this work, we proposed a novel lipophilic ester prodrug approach, combined with oral lipid-based formulation, to efficiently deliver lopinavir (LPV) to the mesenteric lymph and MLNs.

Development and validation of a cost-effective and sensitive bioanalytical HPLC-UV method for determination of lopinavir in rat and human plasma.

A simple, sensitive and cost-effective HPLC-UV bioanalytical method for determination of lopinavir (LPV) in rat and human plasma was developed and validated. The plasma sample preparation procedure includes a combination of protein precipitation using cold acetonitrile and liquid-liquid extraction with n-hexane-ethyl acetate (7:3, v/v). A good chromatographic separation was achieved with a Phenomenex Gemini column (C , 150 mm × 2.

The role of targeted gene panel in pediatric drug-resistant epilepsy.

About 10-30% of pediatric patients with epilepsy have drug-resistant epilepsy. Genetic panels may be useful in identifying etiology and guiding treatment in pediatric patients with drug-resistant epilepsy. In our tertiary center, we used two epilepsy panels, an initial 24-genes panel followed by a more comprehensive 122-genes panel to screen for genetic cause over recent 2 years.

The Potential Application of Multiscale Entropy Analysis of Electroencephalography in Children with Neurological and Neuropsychiatric Disorders.

Electroencephalography (EEG) is frequently used in functional neurological assessment of children with neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders. Multiscale entropy (MSE) can reveal complexity in both short and long time scales and is more feasible in the analysis of EEG. Entropy-based estimation of EEG complexity is a powerful tool in investigating the underlying disturbances of neural networks of the brain.

Involvement of HSP70 and HO-1 in the protective effects of raloxifene on multiple organ dysfunction syndrome by endotoxemia in ovariectomized rats.

Objective: Accumulating evidence demonstrates that raloxifene, a selective estrogen receptor modulator, possesses anti-inflammatory action. This study evaluates the preventive effects of long-term treatment of raloxifene on acute inflammation and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) in ovariectomized (OVX) rats with endotoxemia and its underlying mechanism of action.

Methods: Adult female rats were OVX bilaterally to induce estrogen insufficiency.

17-DMAG, an HSP90 Inhibitor, Ameliorates Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome via Induction of HSP70 in Endotoxemic Rats.

Sepsis is a systemic inflammatory disorder, accompanied with elevated oxidative stress, leading to multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), and disseminated intravascular coagulation. 17-Dimethylaminoethylamino- 17-demethoxygeldanamycin (17-DMAG), a heat shock protein (HSP) 90 inhibitor, has been reported to possess anti-inflammatory effects. In this study, the beneficial effects of 17-DMAG on lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced MODS and DIC was evaluated in anesthetized rats.