[ F]FDG Positron Emission Tomography for Initial Staging and Healing Assessment at the End of Therapy in Lymph Nodes and Bone Tuberculosis.

In extra-pulmonary tuberculosis, therapeutic management is difficult in the absence of reliable tool to affirm healing at the end of treatment. In this prospective multicenter study, we evaluated [F]FDG-PET for this purpose. Forty-two patients out of 55 included patients could be analyzed.

Dolutegravir and lamivudine maintenance therapy in HIV-1 virologically suppressed patients: results of the ANRS 167 trial (LAMIDOL).

Objectives: To evaluate the dolutegravir+lamivudine combination in virologically suppressed patients living with HIV.

Methods: The ANRS 167 LAMIDOL trial was an open-label, single arm, multicentre trial assessing once-daily dolutegravir (50 mg)+lamivudine (300 mg) in virologically suppressed HIV-1 patients on first-line triple-drug regimens. The main criteria for inclusion in the trial were plasma viral load (pVL) ≤50 copies/mL for ≥2 years, CD4 nadir >200 cells/mm3 and WT HIV prior to treatment initiation.

Contribution of brain imaging to the diagnosis of intracranial tuberculoma and other brain lesions in patients presenting with miliary tuberculosis.

Background: Miliary tuberculosis (miliary TB) is characterized by a hematogenous spread of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Cerebral lesions associated with miliary TB have been reported with diverse frequencies.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed brain imaging in 34 patients presenting with proven miliary TB hospitalized in our teaching hospital between 2008 and 2014.

Assessement of Awareness of, Concerns and Attitudes Towards HIV-Related Court-Case Sentences in France in a Representative Sample of People Living with HIV (ANRS VESPA2 Survey).

Some of the 12 criminal trials and sentences in France for HIV transmission in 1998-2011 attracted substantial public attention, with a possible negative impact on people living with HIV (PLWH) through reinforced stigma and discrimination. This analysis aimed to characterize PLWH enrolled in the representative ANRS-VESPA2 survey, aware of and concerned about convictions for HIV transmission. Being a migrant from Sub-Saharan Africa, having difficult socio-economic conditions, having unprotected sex with one's main partner and concealing one's HIV status were all factors statistically associated with concern about the sentences.

Budget impact of antiretroviral therapy in a French clinic cohort.

Objectives: In this study, we first assessed costs associated with the use of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in an infectious diseases University Hospital Clinic; second, we evaluated characteristics associated with these costs and finally simulated the impact on the overall ART budget of switching first-line and second-line regimens to less-costly regimens (as effective and well tolerated).

Design: Cohort analysis including persons living with HIV (PLHIV) aged at least 18 years on ART to estimate ART costs during 2014.

Methods: The current study was conducted in the Bichat-Claude Bernard University Hospital Clinic in Paris, France, where 4501 PLHIV consulted in 2014.

Impact of obesity on antiretroviral pharmacokinetics and immuno-virological response in HIV-infected patients: a case-control study.

Background: Obesity has high prevalence among HIV-infected patients. Increased adipose tissue mass affects the pharmacokinetics of numerous drugs, but few data are available for antiretroviral drugs.

Objectives: In this study we aimed to explore the pharmacokinetics of antiretroviral drugs and the immuno-virological response in obese patients with HIV infection.

Abacavir has no prothrombotic effect on platelets in vitro.

Objectives: HIV patients exposed to abacavir have an increased risk of myocardial infarction, with contradictory results in the literature. The aim of our study was to determine whether abacavir has a direct effect on platelet activation and aggregation using platelets from healthy donors and from HIV-infected patients under therapy with an undetectable viral load.

Methods: Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) or whole blood from healthy donors was treated with abacavir (5 or 10 μg/mL) or its active metabolite carbovir diphosphate.

Epidemiological Profile of Newly Diagnosed HIV-Infected Patients in Northern Paris: A Retrospective Study.

In attempt to identify the factors associated with delayed diagnosis during HIV infection, we studied retrospectively the epidemiological profile of HIV-infected patients diagnosed between January 1, 2012 and December 31, 2013 and followed in our clinical center in Paris. Data were compared to those obtained at the same site during the year 2003. One hundred eighty-six patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria: 49 (26%) had a CD4 count <200/mm at diagnosis.

Determinants of macroscopic anal cancer and precancerous lesions in 1206 HIV-infected screened patients.

Aim: Anal screening is recommended in HIV-positive patients, especially men who have sex with men (MSM), due to an increased incidence of anal cancer. The optimal screening methods are not generally agreed.

Method: Screening for anal lesions by anorectal examination, including anoscopy, was offered to HIV-positive outpatients in a tertiary care university hospital regardless of gender or sexual orientation.

Immunity, inflammation and reservoir in patients at an early stage of HIV infection on intermittent ART (ANRS 141 TIPI Trial).

Objectives: The objective of this study was to assess clinical and biological changes during intermittent ART (I-ART) started early, with significant time spent on versus off ART, which has never before been studied in ART-naive patients with high nadir and current CD4 cell count.

Patients And Methods: ART-naive HIV-1-infected patients with baseline CD4 ≥ 500/mm(3) and nadir CD4 ≥ 400/mm(3) received 2 years of I-ART (6 month periods on once-daily boosted-PI-based ART, alternating with 6 month periods without ART) in a 2 year, Phase II, non-comparative multicentre trial. The trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.

Use of PCR Signal and Therapeutic Drug Monitoring in a Switch Cohort Study to Tenofovir/Emtricitabine/Rilpivirine: A W96 Follow-Up.

Objective: To assess, in a clinical cohort, the efficacy of switching treatment in virologically-suppressed patients to tenofovir/emtricitabine/rilpivirine as a single-tablet regimen (STR) using the PCR signal of the viral load (VL) assay and plasma drug determination (C24h).

Patients And Methods: An observational single-centre study enrolling patients with VL<50 copies/mL initiating rilpivirine-based STR. C24h and VL were performed until W48 and W96 of STR, respectively.

Complications following intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guerin treatment for bladder cancer: a case series of 22 patients.

Background: Intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) therapy is an effective and widely used treatment for superficial bladder carcinoma. Local complications are frequent whereas systemic complications are rare but can be serious, and their management is not well known.

Methods: We describe retrospectively the records of 22 patients treated in 3 infectious disease departments, for complications related to intravesical BCG therapy as treatment of bladder cancer.

Patient-Reported Outcomes After a Switch to a Single-Tablet Regimen of Rilpivirine, Emtricitabine, and Tenofovir DF in HIV-1-Positive, Virologically Suppressed Individuals: Additional Findings From a Randomized, Open-Label, 48-Week Trial.

Background: Patient-reported outcomes (PROs) can provide important information about treatment tolerability in HIV-1-infected patients.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate PROs following switching from a boosted protease inhibitor-based regimen to the single-tablet regimen (STR) of rilpivirine/emtricitabine/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (RPV/FTC/TDF) in the 48-week open-label Switching Boosted PI to Rilpivirine in Combination with Truvada as a Single-Tablet Regimen (SPIRIT) trial.

Methods: In the open-label SPIRIT trial, patients were randomized to receive an STR of RPV/FTC/TDF (n = 317) for 48 weeks or stay on their baseline regimen of a ritonavir-boosted protease inhibitor and two nucleoside/nucleotide analog reverse transcriptase inhibitors (PI + RTV + 2NRTIs, n = 159) for 24 weeks before switching to RPV/FTC/TDF for another 24 weeks.

Intensive five-drug antiretroviral therapy regimen versus standard triple-drug therapy during primary HIV-1 infection (OPTIPRIM-ANRS 147): a randomised, open-label, phase 3 trial.

Background: Early combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) initiation at the time of primary HIV-1 infection could restrict the establishment of HIV reservoirs. We aimed to assess the effect of a cART regimen intensified with raltegravir and maraviroc, compared with standard triple-drug cART, on HIV-DNA load.

Methods: In this randomised, open-label, phase 3 trial, we recruited patients from hospitals across France.

[An update on measles].

Measles is a highly contagious infectious disease, which needs more than 95% worldwide vaccination coverage of 2 doses to be eradicated. Despite an important involvement of the WHO for massive immunization, goals have not bean reached, and outbreaks can occur at any time in many countries, including Western Europe. In France, 22,000 cases were identified between 2009 and 2011, mainly in infants and young adults, which are not or not enough vaccinated (one dose).

Plasma cholesterol efflux capacity from human THP-1 macrophages is reduced in HIV-infected patients: impact of HAART.

The capacity of HDL to remove cholesterol from macrophages is inversely associated with the severity of angiographic coronary artery disease. The effect of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection or its treatment on the ability of HDL particles to stimulate cholesterol efflux from human macrophages has never been studied. We evaluated the capacity of whole plasma and isolated HDL particles from HIV-infected subjects (n = 231) and uninfected controls (n = 200), as well as in a subset of 41 HIV subjects receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) to mediate cholesterol efflux from human macrophages.

Association between first-year virological response to raltegravir and long-term outcomes in treatment-experienced patients with HIV-1 infection.

Background: We explored the relationship between virological response in the first year of treatment and long-term outcomes in the BENCHMRK studies.

Methods: Patients failing antiretroviral treatment with 3-class resistant HIV-1 received double-blinded raltegravir (or placebo) with optimized background therapy (OBT) until week 156, followed by open-label raltegravir with OBT up to week 240. In this exploratory analysis of patients randomized to raltegravir, virological response over weeks 16-48 was categorized as continuous suppression (CS; viral RNA [vRNA] always <50 copies/ml), low-level viraemia (LLV; vRNA always <400 copies/ml, >50 copies/ml at least once), or not suppressed (NS; vRNA >400 copies/ml at least once).

Virological outcome at week 48 of three recommended first-line regimens using ultrasensitive viral load and plasma drug assay.

Objectives: To describe the virological and pharmacological outcomes of three different recommended once-daily first-line regimens in a cross-sectional analysis within an observational cohort using ultra-sensitive HIV quantification.

Patients And Methods: We enrolled all HIV-1-infected patients who initiated tenofovir/emtricitabine with efavirenz, darunavir/ritonavir or atazanavir/ritonavir as a first-line regimen between 1 November 2010 and 30 June 2012. An ultrasensitive viral load (VL) assay was performed and plasma drug concentrations at 24 h (C24) were determined at Week (W) 4, W12, W24, W36 and W48.

French 2010-2011 measles outbreak in adults: report from a Parisian teaching hospital.

We reviewed 80 adult cases of measles seen in a Parisian hospital during the French 2010-2011 outbreak. Fifty per cent had at least one complication: pneumonia and hepatitis were the most frequent. Forty per cent of hospitalized cases did not have any complications, suggesting clinically poor tolerance of measles in adults.

Change in vitamin D levels and risk of severe vitamin D deficiency over 48 weeks among HIV-1-infected, treatment-naive adults receiving rilpivirine or efavirenz in a Phase III trial (ECHO).

Background: This analysis assessed changes in serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D; the precursor form of active vitamin D) in antiretroviral-naive adults receiving rilpivirine or efavirenz over 48 weeks in a randomized, double-blind, Phase III trial (ECHO).

Methods: ECHO included 690 patients randomized 1:1 to receive rilpivirine 25 mg once daily (n=346) or efavirenz 600 mg once daily (n=344), plus tenofovir disoproxil fumarate/emtricitabine. 25(OH)D was measured in stored serum samples collected at baseline, and weeks 24 and 48.

Is clinical practice concordant with the changes in guidelines for antiretroviral therapy initiation during primary and chronic HIV-1 infection? The ANRS PRIMO and COPANA cohorts.

Objective: Guidelines for initiating HIV treatment are regularly revised. We explored how physicians in France have applied these evolving guidelines for ART initiation over the last decade in two different situations: chronic (CHI) and primary HIV-1 infection (PHI), since specific recommendations for PHI are also provided in France.

Methods: Data came from the ANRS PRIMO (1267 patients enrolled during PHI in 1996-2010) and COPANA (800 subjects enrolled at HIV diagnosis in 2004-2008) cohorts.