Bioactive abietenolide diterpenes from Suregada procera.

The phytochemical investigation of the leaves and the roots of Suregada procera afforded the new ent-abietane diterpenoid sureproceriolide A (1) along with the known secondary metabolites 8,14β:11,12α-diepoxy-13(15)-abietane-16,12-olid (2), jolkinolide A (3), jolkinolide E (4), ent-pimara-8(14),15-dien-19-oic acid (5), sitosterol (6), oleana-9(11):12-dien-3β-ol (7), and oleic acid (8). Their structures were elucidated by NMR spectroscopic and mass spectrometric analyses, and the structure of jolkinolide A (3) was confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Sureproceriolide A (1) showed modest activity against the Gram-positive bacterium Staphylococcus lugdunensis (MIC = 31.

Antimicrobial Dihydroflavonols and Isoflavans Isolated from the Root Bark of .

Three new dihydroflavonols, gloverinols A-C (-), a new flavon-3-ol, gloverinol D (), two new isoflavans, gloveriflavan A () and B (), and seven known compounds were isolated from the root bark of . The structures of the isolates were elucidated by using NMR, ECD, and HRESIMS data analyses. Among the isolated compounds, gloverinol B (), gloveriflavan B (), and 1-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3-hydroxy-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-propanone () were the most active against , with MIC values of 9.

Antiviral Rotenoids and Isoflavones Isolated from ssp. .

Three new (-) and six known rotenoids (-), along with three known isoflavones (-), were isolated from the leaves of ssp. . A new glycosylated isoflavone (), four known isoflavones (-), and one known chalcone () were isolated from the root wood extract of the same plant.

Effect of Malaria and Coinfection on Selected Biochemical Profiles among Patients Attending Selected Health Institutions at Dembiya, Northwest Ethiopia.

Background: Malaria and schistosomiasis are infectious diseases that cause biochemical abnormalities. Malaria and coinfection causes exacerbations of health consequences and comorbidities. The study area is found in Ethiopia, where coinfection of malaria and is common.

Validation of the efficacy of pooled serum for serum glucose inhouse quality control material in comparison with commercial internal quality control in clinical chemistry laboratory.

Background: This study aimed to create an in-house glucose quality control material for humans, addressing the challenge of obtaining high-cost commercially prepared quality control materials in developing countries.

Methods: An in-house quality control material for glucose was prepared using a pooled serum sample and analyzed using a fully automated chemistry analyzer following the ISO 80 guidelines. The mean, standard deviation (SD), and coefficient of variance were calculated from the first 30 days of measurement, and the variability was checked over eight months using SPSS software.

and antiplasmodial activities of approved drugs predicted to have antimalarial activities using chemogenomics and drug repositioning approach.

High malaria mortality coupled with increased emergence of resistant multi-drug resistant strains of parasite, warrants the development of new and effective antimalarial drugs. However, drug design and discovery are costly and time-consuming with many active antimalarial compounds failing to get approved due to safety reasons. To address these challenges, the current study aimed at testing the antiplasmodial activities of approved drugs that were predicted using a target-similarity approach.

Ex vivo and in vitro antiplasmodial activity and toxicity of Caesalpinia decapetala (Roth) Alston (Fabaceae).

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Malaria is among the most prevalent and devastating parasitic diseases globally with most cases reported in Sub-Saharan Africa. One of the major reasons for the high malaria prevalence is the ever-increasing emergence of resistant strains of malaria-causing parasites to the currently used antimalarial drugs. This, therefore, calls for the search for antimalarial compounds with alternative modes of action.

Prenylated Isoflavanones with Antimicrobial Potential from the Root Bark of .

Guill. & Perr (Fabaceae) is widely utilized in the traditional medicine of East Africa, showing effects against a variety of ailments including microbial infections. Phytochemical investigation of the root bark led to the isolation of six previously undescribed prenylated isoflavanones together with eight known secondary metabolites comprising isoflavanoids, neoflavones and an alkyl hydroxylcinnamate.

Benzo[]naphtho[2,1-]furans and 2-Phenylnaphthalenes from .

Three new benzo[]naphtho[2,1-]furans, usambarins A-C (-), five new 2-phenylnaphthalenes, usambarins D-H (-), a new flavan (), and a new phenyl-1-benzoxepin () as well as two known compounds ( and ) were isolated from the extract of the stem and roots of (Moraceae). The structures were deduced using NMR spectroscopic and mass spectrometric analyses, and those of compounds and were confirmed by X-ray crystallography. Usambarin D () demonstrated moderate antibacterial activity (MIC 9.

Antiplasmodial and antimicrobial activities of e-abietane diterpenoids from the roots of .

The root extract of Baill. afforded six previously described -abietane diterpenoids, namely 7-oxo--abieta-5(6),8(14),13(15)-trien-16,12-olide (), mangiolide (), 8,14:11,12-diepoxy-13(15)-abietane-16,12-olide (), 7,11,12-trihydroxy--abieta-8(14),13(15)-diene-16,12-olide (), 8α,14-dihydro-7-oxo-jolkinolide E (), jolkinolide A (), together with 3-sitosterol (), scopoletin () and vanillin (). Their structures were deduced through 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic techniques, and HRESIMS, as well as by comparison of the NMR data with those reported in the literature.

A new C-C linked benzophenathridine-2-quinoline dimer, and the antiplasmodial activity of alkaloids from .

The CHCl/MeOH (1:1) extract of stem bark showed good antiplasmodial activity (IC 2.5 ± 0.3 and 2.

Synergism in Antiplasmodial Activities of Artemether and Lumefantrine in Combination with Fresen (Polygalaceae).

Malaria is the most lethal parasitic disease in the world. The frequent emergence of resistance by malaria parasites to any drug is the hallmark of sustained malaria burden. Since the deployment of artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs) it is clear that for a sustained fight against malaria, drug combination is one of the strategies toward malaria elimination.

Cytotoxicity of isoflavones from .

The first phytochemical investigation of the flowers of resulted in the isolation of seven isoflavones, a flavonol and a chalcone. Eleven isoflavones and a flavonol isolated from various plant parts from this plant were tested for cytotoxicity against a panel of cell lines, and six of these showed good activity with IC values of 6-14 μM. Durmillone was the most active with IC values of 6.

A new benzophenone, and the antiplasmodial activities of the constituents of fresen (Polygalaceae).

Extracts from showed antiplasmodial activities against reference clones and clinical isolates using SYBR Green I method. A new benzophenone, 2,3,4,5-tetramethoxybenzophenone () was isolated and characterized along with seven known compounds: 4-hydroxy-2,3-dimethoxybenzophenone (); 3-hydroxy-5-methoxybiphenyl (), methyl-2-hydroxy-6-methoxybenzoate (), benzyl-2-hydroxy-6-methoxybenzoate (), 2-hydroxy-6-methoxybenzoic acid (), 2,4,5-trimethoxybenzophenone () and 2-methoxy-3,4-methylenedioxybenzophenone (). Compounds and showed antiplasmodial activities (IC 28.

Antileishmanial and cytotoxic activity of secondary metabolites from and two species.

In this study, the antileishmanial and cytotoxic activities of secondary metabolites isolated from Hochst. ex A. DC.

Antiplasmodial and antileishmanial flavonoids from Mundulea sericea.

Five known compounds (1-5) were isolated from the extract of Mundulea sericea leaves. Similar investigation of the roots of this plant afforded an additional three known compounds (6-8). The structures were elucidated using NMR spectroscopic and mass spectrometric analyses.

LC-MS-Based Metabolomics for the Chemosystematics of Kenyan Jacq (Sapindaceae) Populations.

Jacq (Sapindaceae) is a medicinal plant with a worldwide distribution. The species has undergone enormous taxonomic changes which caused confusion amongst plant users. In Kenya, for example, two varieties are known to exist based on morphology, i.

In Vitro Antimicrobial and Antiproliferative Activities of the Root Bark Extract and Isolated Chemical Constituents of Kokwaro (Rutaceae).

Kokwaro (Rutaceae) is an endemic Kenyan and Tanzanian plant used in folk medicine by local populations. Although other species have been studied, only stem extracts have been profiled, even though the roots are also used as herbal remedies. As root extracts may be another source of pharmaceutical compounds, the CHCl/MeOH (1:1) root bark extract was studied in this report.

Cytotoxicity of isoflavones and biflavonoids from Ormocarpum kirkii towards multi-factorial drug resistant cancer.

Background: While incidences of cancer are continuously increasing, drug resistance of malignant cells is observed towards almost all pharmaceuticals. Several isoflavonoids and flavonoids are known for their cytotoxicity towards various cancer cells.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine the cytotoxicity of isoflavones: osajin (1), 5,7-dihydroxy-4'-methoxy-6,8-diprenylisoflavone (2) and biflavonoids: chamaejasmin (3), 7,7″-di-O-methylchamaejasmin (4) and campylospermone A (5), a dimeric chromene [diphysin(6)] and an ester of ferullic acid with long alkyl chain [erythrinasinate (7)] isolated from the stem bark and roots of the Kenyan medicinal plant, Ormocarpum kirkii.

Cytotoxic benzylbenzofuran derivatives from Dorstenia kameruniana.

Chromatographic separation of the extract of the roots of Dorstenia kameruniana (family Moraceae) led to the isolation of three new benzylbenzofuran derivatives, 2-(p-hydroxybenzyl)benzofuran-6-ol (1), 2-(p-hydroxybenzyl)-7-methoxybenzofuran-6-ol (2) and 2-(p-hydroxy)-3-(3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl)benzyl)benzofuran-6-ol(3) (named dorsmerunin A, B and C, respectively), along with the known furanocoumarin, bergapten (4). The twigs of Dorstenia kameruniana also produced compounds 1-4 as well as the known chalcone licoagrochalcone A (5). The structures were elucidated by NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry.