A Review on Advances and Challenges in Core-Shell Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering: Design, Fabrication, and Clinical Translation.

This review explores core-shell scaffolds in bone tissue engineering, highlighting their osteoconductive and osteoinductive properties critical for bone growth and regeneration. Key design factors include material selection, porosity, mechanical strength, biodegradation kinetics, and bioactivity. Electrospun core-shell nanofibrous scaffolds demonstrate potential in delivering therapeutic agents and enhancing bone regeneration.

Functionalized Collagen I Membranes as a Bruch's Membrane Mimetic for Outer Retinal Models.

Physiologically relevant models of the human outer retina are required to better elucidate the complex interplay of retinal tissue layers and investigate their role in retinal degenerative disorders. Materials currently used to mimic the function of Bruch's membrane fail to replicate a range of important structural, mechanical, and biochemical properties. Here, we detail the fabrication of a surface-functionalized, fibrous collagen I membrane.

Immunobiology of foreign body response to composite PLACL/gelatin electrospun nanofiber meshes with mesenchymal stem/stromal cells in a mouse model: Implications in pelvic floor tissue engineering and regeneration.

Pelvic Organ Prolapse (POP) is a common gynaecological disorder where pelvic organs protrude into the vagina. While transvaginal mesh surgery using non-degradable polymers was a commonly accepted treatment for POP, it has been associated with high rates of adverse events such as mesh erosion, exposure and inflammation due to serious foreign body response and therefore banned from clinical use after regulatory mandates. This study proposes a tissue engineering strategy using uterine endometrium-derived mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (eMSC) delivered with degradable poly L-lactic acid-co-poly ε-caprolactone (PLACL) and gelatin (G) in form of a composite electrospun nanofibrous mesh (P + G nanomesh) and evaluates the immunomodulatory mechanism at the material interfaces.

Conducting polymer-based nanostructured materials for brain-machine interfaces.

As scientists discovered that raw neurological signals could translate into bioelectric information, brain-machine interfaces (BMI) for experimental and clinical studies have experienced massive growth. Developing suitable materials for bioelectronic devices to be used for real-time recording and data digitalizing has three important necessitates which should be covered. Biocompatibility, electrical conductivity, and having mechanical properties similar to soft brain tissue to decrease mechanical mismatch should be adopted for all materials.

Comparison of materials for rapid passive collection of environmental DNA.

Passive collection is an emerging sampling method for environmental DNA (eDNA) in aquatic systems. Passive eDNA collection is inexpensive and efficient, and requires minimal equipment, making it suited to high-density sampling and remote deployment. Here, we compare the effectiveness of nine membrane materials for passively collecting fish eDNA from a 3-million-litre marine mesocosm.

Development and Characterizations of Engineered Electrospun Bio-Based Polyurethane Containing Essential Oils.

We report the fabrication of bio-based thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) fibrous scaffolds containing essential oils (EO). The main goal of this study was to investigate the effects of essential oil type (St. John's Wort oil (SJWO), lavender oil (LO), and virgin olive oil (OO))/concentration on the electrospinnability of TPU.

Conductive, Acid-Doped Polyaniline Electrospun Nanofiber Gas Sensing Substrates Made Using a Facile Dissolution Method.

A novel dissolution method that allows for the total solvation of high-concentration, high-molecular-weight polyaniline (PANi) doped with (+)-camphor-10-sulfonic acid (CSA) is reported. Preparation of 12-16 wt % 65,000 Da PANi solutions in ,-dimethylformamide is achievable using a simple one-pot method. Doped polyaniline solutions in common organic solvents were processed into nanofibers using a convenient single-nozzle electrospinning technique.

Gelatin/β-Cyclodextrin Bio-Nanofibers as respiratory filter media for filtration of aerosols and volatile organic compounds at low air resistance.

Air pollution is a universal concern. The suspended solid/liquid particles in the air and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are ubiquitous. Synthetic polymer-based air filter media not only has disposal issues but also is a source of air and water pollution at the end of their life cycle.

Bio-inspired human in vitro outer retinal models: Bruch's membrane and its cellular interactions.

Retinal degenerative disorders, such as age-related macular degeneration (AMD), are one of the leading causes of blindness worldwide, however, treatments to completely stop the progression of these debilitating conditions are non-existent. Researchers require sophisticated models that can accurately represent the native structure of human retinal tissue to study these disorders. Current in vitro models used to study the retina are limited in their ability to fully recapitulate the structure and function of the retina, Bruch's membrane and the underlying choroid.

Polyvinyl alcohol composite nanofibres containing conjugated levofloxacin-chitosan for controlled drug release.

A range of biodegradable drug-nanofibres composite mats have been reported as drug delivery systems. However, their main disadvantage is the rapid release of the drug immediately after application. This paper reports an improved system based on the incorporation of drug conjugated-chitosan into polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) nanofibers.

Bioremediation of pesticide contaminated water using an organophosphate degrading enzyme immobilized on nonwoven polyester textiles.

Bioremediation using enzymes has become an attractive approach for removing hazardous chemicals such as organophosphate pesticides from the environment. Enzymes immobilized on solid carriers are particularly suited for such applications. In this study, the organophosphate degrading enzyme A (OpdA) was covalently immobilized on highly porous nonwoven polyester fabrics for organophosphate pesticide degradation.

Collagen-based layer-by-layer coating on electrospun polymer scaffolds.

Preparation of microfibre constructs of collagen by electrospinning has been problematic due to the instability of collagen in volatile solvents, such as 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-propanol, so that electrospinning leads to a substantial amount of gelatin fibres. In the present study we have demonstrated the production of collagen-based microfibre constructs by use of a layer-by-layer coating process onto a preformed synthetic polymer microfibre base. Soluble native collagen, which has a basic isoelectric point, has been used with modified triple-helical collagens that have acidic isoelectric points.

A comparison of the effects of fibre alignment of smooth and textured fibres in electrospun membranes on fibroblast cell adhesion.

A polyester polycaprolactone-based polyurethane elastomer (PU) and poly-(l-lactide) (PLLA), two common biomaterials, were electrospun to produce membranes with fibres either randomly orientated or aligned. PU was used to produce membranes consisting of smooth fibres. PLLA was used to prepare fibres with a textured surface.